534 



NATURAL AUUANGEMENT 



411. OruekCLXIX ANTIDE'SME.E. 



Gc twra 2, Species 7 ; Hot-housc Species 7 ; Green-house Species ; Hardy Ligneous Species ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 0. } feet ; £ feet ; ^ feet 



Trees, natives of the East Indies, with s-niple leaves and inconspicuous dioecious flowers. Stilago di&ndra 

 bears an acid eatable fruit, as well as the sptH-ies of Antidesma ; these hang in clusters like currants. A 

 decoction of the leaves is reputed to be an antidote against the bite of serpents. Cuttings. 



27(ki Antidt-sma L. | 274« Stilago L 



412. CLXX. URTI'CE.E. 

 Genera 24, SpecU's 201 ; Hot-house Species 119 ; Grecn.house Species 27 ; Hardy Ligneous Species 17 ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 38. f 37 feet ; £ .14 feet ; * feet 

 Few are the objects in this order deserving the care of the cultivator ; it is rather extraordinarj', however, 

 that those few are abundantly so. Among worthless weeds and shabby half-herbaceous shrubs, some of 

 which are covered with rough points, and others defended by stinging hairs, we find the fig, the mulberry, 

 the hemp, the hop, and the bread-fruit, all objects of the first consequence to the world. Here, also, is placed 

 the half-fabulous Upas, with which lying travellers and credulous naturalists have long deluded Europe. The 

 Upas tree is now known to be the Antiiiris toxickria, the inspissated juice of which is, indeed, a frightful 

 poison, but the baneful effects of whose branches are purely imaginary. Similar, though inferior, qualities 

 have been found to exist in Ficus toxickria, and some of the Artocarpuses. The root of the black mulberry 

 is bitter, acrid, and purgative ; of Dorstfenw brasiliensis, emetic ; of D. Contrayirba, bitter, aromatic, hot, 

 and stimulant A decoction, or the dried leaves, of hemp, is eminently narcotic, and forms the basis of the 

 well known intoxicating Turkish drug called Bang or Haschisch. The tenacious nature of the fibres of the 

 hemp is also found in other plants of the order, especially Trtica cannabina, the hop, the bread-fruit tree, the 

 common stinging-nettle, and others. Cuttings, layers, division, and seeds. 



2900 /=lcus L. 







2584 Forskbhka L. 







2 



89 Gunnera L. 



2583 Artocarpus L. 







2861 Pariet^ria L. 



*0 



8 



339 Dorstenza L. 



26£3 Maciara Nut. 



1 







2614 Pilea Lindl. 







2616 Prbcris Com. 



2756 Brousson^Ua Ven. 



2 







Tn\ Cannabis L. 







2 



2869 Mertensia Kth. 



£612 Mhrm L. 



14 







Til2 Humulus L. 



*0 



1 



2888 Brusimum Swz. 



3414 Conoci^phalus Blume 

 2613 Boehmer/a Jac. 







2658 rhelvgonum L. 







1 



3420 Galactod^ndrom Hum. 







4 



2729 Gnttwn L. 







?2650 A th erosp^rma I,o6. 



2615 L'rtica L. 



*d 



20 



2733 Cecrr.p?a L. 







? 2808 Pel.mus Pers. 



413. Order CLXXI. ULMATE.E. 



Getiera 3, Species 36 ; Hot-hou^e Species 5 ; Green-house Species 1 ; Hardy Ligneous Species 30 ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 0. 1 84^ feet ; feet j ^0 feet 



Many of the observations upon the last order are also applicable to this, which differs rather in certain 

 technical characters, than in any arrangement of nature. The elm is its representative, from which the 

 others only slightly differ. Seeds, layers, or by grafts. 



412 PUnera Mx. 2 | 814 T'lmus L. *19 \ 2870 C^ltis L. 9 



414. Order CLXXIL PIPER A^CE.E. 



Genera 3, Species 71 ; Hot-hozise Species 69 ; Green-house Species ; Hardy Ligneous Species ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 2. ^ feet ; £ feet j ^ 4 feet 



The peppers are far more valuable in commerce than interesting in cultivation, their flowers being in all 

 cases very insignificant, and their leaves so uniform in appearance, as to create but little variety. Nearly the 

 whole, indeed, of the herbaceous species, or Peperomias, as they are sometimes called, are mere weeds. The 

 berry of the pepper is well known to be hot, aromatic, pungent, and stimulating; not only in the common 

 peppers of the shops, but also in P. Cubeba, Carpimga, and heterophy Hum. The Piper anisktum yields a strong 

 smell of anise ; a decoction of its berries is used in Spanish America for washing idcers. The Piper Betel and 

 Siribba afford the Malays a powerfully acrid and exciting preparation, which, they suppose, invigorates and 

 enables them to withstand the debilitating influence of their climate. In the South Sea islands, an inebriating 

 beverage is procured by the mixture of the leaves and stems of P. inebrians vrith water. No pepper has yet 

 been found beyond the limits of the tropics. Sauriirus is the representative of the order in extra-tropical 

 countries. Cuttings, division, and seeds. 



1143 Saururus i. 2 | 93 Piper i. | 94 Peperbmia .ff. P. 



415. Order CLXXIII. JUGLA'NDEiE. 

 Genera 2, Species 15 ; Hot-house Species ; Green-house Species ; Hardy Ligneous Species 15 ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 0. f_ 77| feet ; feet ; ^ feet. 



Large trees, chiefly natives of North America, with pinnate leaves and small insignificant flowers. The 

 kernel of the nuts of all are eatable. Jilglans rfegia is the common walnut. Seeds. 



2664 Juglans L. 3 | 2665 Ckrya Xuf. 10 



416. Order CLXXIV. AMENTAXE^ 



Genera 16, Species 385 ; Hot-house Species 6 ; Green-house Species 21 ; Hardy Ligneous Species 358 ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 0. 1 252 feet; £ feet; ±0 feet. 



Here is the group in which all the timber trees of Europe, and most of those of all cold countries, are 

 stationed Every genus consists of plants important to the wants of man. The alder, the birch, the willow, 

 the poplar, the oak, the chestnut, the hornbeam, and the plane, are all collected in this place, to which they 

 have been brought by the coincidence of similar fructification existing in all of them. This similarity depends 

 upon their producing flowers of one sex only, the males of which are always arrayed in catkins, of which 

 the flowers are destitute of calyx or corolla, in the place of which is produced a single scale. Their bark is 

 furnished with an astringent principle, which has rendered them %'aluable either for staining black, as in the 

 alder and the oak gall ; or for tanning, as in the oak ; or as febrifuges, as the alder, the birch, the oak, most of 

 the willows, and also Populus tremuloides, which is well known in North America as a tonic and stomachic 

 febrifuge. The substance called tacamahaca was formerly supposed to be produced by some of the poplars, 

 but it is now believed to be obtained from a very different plant, Fagara octandra' The fruit of many 

 Ament&cex contains a considerable proportion of fsecula, which renders it fit for the food of man and other 

 animals, as the acorns of the oak, the mast of birch, the nut of Castcinea and Corylus, &c. Layers and 

 seeds. 



