The effect of physiologic age of needles is best illus- 

 trated by comparisons of the amounts of raffinose. All age 

 classes had trace amounts (approximately 3 mg/g) in June 

 and September. However, as needles age they apparently 

 lose the capacity for certain oligosaccharide storage as in- 

 dicated by the amounts of raffinose in the current needles 

 decreasing to lesser amounts in 1 -year-old and 2-year-old 

 needles. Stachyose, another oligosaccharide, was also 

 detected only in the February collections in all needle-age 

 classes (3.0 mg/g, range 2.7 to 3.2), but the influence of 

 needle age on amount of stachyose accumulated was not 

 evident. Comparisons of blister-rust-diseased and disease- 

 free trees showed no differences in these sugars between 

 seasons or classes of needles. 



All distal bark sampled in February and June had sugar 

 amounts decreasing in the order sucrose>fructose>glucose 

 >raffinose>stachyose (table 2). Only comparisons of glu- 

 cose in the distal bark of rust-diseased and rust-free trees 

 in the February (11.7 mg/g vs. 14.1 mg/g) and September 

 (12.2 mg/g vs. 14.9 mg/g) collections showed significant 

 differences. Concentrations of sucrose, raffinose, and 



stachyose in bark showed the following seasonal changes: 

 sucrose occurred in the largest amounts in June (19.9 

 mg/g), then amounts receded through September to the 

 smallest amounts in November (14.4 mg/g), then in in- 

 creasing amounts through February (16.6 mg/g) to June. 

 Raffinose and stachyose concentrations in the distal 

 samples of diseased and rust-free trees responded to 

 seasons differently from sucrose. Their peak concentra- 

 tions were in the November (12.5 mg/g, 8.4 mg/g) and 

 February (9.4 mg/g, 10.2 mg/g) collections, and their 

 lowest concentrations in the June (3.5 mg/g, 0.0 mg/g) and 

 September (4.6 mg/g, 0.0 mg/g) collections. 



Proximal bark also contained all sugars in the same 

 relative amounts as were found in the distal bark. Prox- 

 imal bark sampled from trees affected and unaffected by 

 the rust had similar amounts of each sugar (table 2). 

 Sucrose levels had a higher concentration for February 

 (12.1 mg/g) and a lower range of concentrations in prox- 

 imal bark in healthy than in rust-affected trees; the dif- 

 ferences were significant (p = 0.05). Proximal bark from 

 both kinds of trees repeated the seasonal effects found in 



Table 2— Concentrations of sugars in bark tissues of blister rust-diseased and rust-free western 

 whiite pines at four times during a growing season 



Location of 



Tree 



bark sample 

 in relation 





Sugar (mg/g dry tissue)^ 















status 



to canker' 



Fructose 



Glucose 



Sucrose 



Raffinose 



Stachyose 









November 









Diseased 



Distal 



15.0 



12.8 



14.4 



12.5 



8.4 



trees 



Proximal 



11.0 



7.9 



11.7 



10.8 



7.7 





Yellow margin 



9.2 



5.9 



9.1 



10.8 



7.7 





Sporulating area 



10.2 



11.8 



14.0 



10.6 



8.8 



Rust-free 



Distal^ 













trees 



Proximal^ 





February 









Diseased 



Distal 



14.0 



11.7 



16.6 



9.4 



10.2 



trees 



Proximal 



16.8 



12.9 



12.1 



6.8 



6.5 





Yellow margin 



14.4 



12.7 



12.1 



8.2 



6.0 





Sporulating area 



3.1 



3.3 



4.8 



3.6 



5.2 



Rust-free 



Distal 



14.3 



14.1 



16.1 



9.2 



8.6 



trees 



Proximal 



16.6 



11.4 

 June 



16.9 



9.8 



8.7 



Diseased 



Distal 



15.5 



13.3 



19.9 



3.5 



0.0 



trees 



Proximal 



14.6 



12.7 



18.9 



2.9 



0.0 





Yellow margin 



11.3 



9.9 



15.7 



3.2 



0.0 





Sporulating area 



10.3 



9.7 



16.8 



3.1 



0.0 



Rust-free 



Distal 



16.9 



14.3 



18.0 



3.4 



0.0 



trees 



Proximal 



11.6 



10.4 

 September 



16.0 



3.1 



0.0 



Diseased 



Distal 



15.7 



12.2 



15.5 



4.6 



0.0 



trees 



Proximal 



14.3 



12.7 



15.0 



5.3 



0.0 





Yellow margin 



15.4 



14.1 



13.5 



5.2 



"1.9 





Sporulating area 



12.0 



10.6 



11.7 



4.7 



4.0 



Rust-free 



Distal 



17.7 



14.9 



12.9 



5.2 



0.0 



trees 



Proximal 



16.6 



13.6 



13.8 



4.0 



0.0 



■I Distal = green bark in the next high growth segment to that of the blister rust canker; Proximal = green 

 bark 1 cm away from the canker's yellow margin; Yellow margin = yellow bark at the leading boundary of the 

 blister rust canker; Sporulating area = areas within the blister rust canker where pycnia and aecia are 

 produced. 



2Each sample quantified by eight replicated TLC analyses (Welch and Martin 1972). 

 ^These tissues were not available for analysis. 



"The minimum threshold for accurate measurement was found to be approximately 3 mg. 



3 



