Table 1.— Descriptions of soil strata designations used in sampling at both 

 sites 



Strata 



Description 



Organic 



Consists of the 01 and 02 horizons. 



Organic/mineral 



A mixture of the organic layer and mineral soil. 



Mineral 



Mineral soil. 



Mineral 2 



A cemented mineral horizon located 10 cm below the 





scalped treatment at the low elevation. At the high 





elevation, a second uncemented mineral horizon 





occurred. 



Decayed wood (DW) 



Decayed wood, mostly brown rot. 



DW/org. 



A mixture of decayed wood and organic soil. 



DW/min. 



A mixture of decayed wood and mineral soil. 



table 1. Bulk density samples were taken at depths of 

 to 5 cm, 10 to 15 cm, and 20 to 25 cm at five random 

 points for each treatment at the beginning of the grow- 

 ing season. 



All soil samples were passed through a 2-mm sieve 

 before any analysis was undertaken. Particle size distri- 

 bution was determined using the hydrometer method 

 (Day 1965). Bulk density and moisture content samples 

 were dried at 105 °C for 24 hours. Organic matter was 

 determined by weight loss after combustion at 375 °C 

 for 16 hours. 



An analysis of variance was conducted on the data, 

 utilizing a randomized complete block design (Steel and 

 Torrie 1960). The treatment means were separated using 

 Duncan's multiple range test. 



RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

 Physical Properties of the Soil ' 



The mounded beds at both sites had significantly 

 higher (P<0.05) organic matter levels than the scalped 

 treatments (table 2). The scarified treatment was not sig- 

 nificantly different from the mounded treatment, per- 

 haps because the scarified treatment was minimally dis- 

 turbed and much of the organic matter was allowed to 

 remain. The higher organic content in both the mounded 

 and scarified treatments is reflected in lower soil densi- 

 ties. But in the scarified treatment soil density increased 

 with depth, though not as much as the scalped treat- 

 ment (fig.. 2). This might be due to the small amount of 

 compaction or disturbance to the scarified treatment. 

 Except for the mounded treatments at both sites, soil 

 density increased with depth; the highest density— 1.25 

 g/cc at the low elevation, 0.99 g/cc at the high 

 elevation— occurred in scalped treatments at the 25-cm 

 depth. The small increase in density with depth in the 

 mounds was probably due to the large amount of mix- 

 ing, which increased pore space throughout the profile. 

 The scalped treatment had a significantly higher soil 

 density at both sites than either the mounded or scari- 

 fied plots. 



To determine the physical composition of the rooting 

 zone (table 2) soil, average volumes of each type of stra- 

 tum were determined for each site treatment. These soil 

 strata volumes were then used to compare the mean soil 

 characteristics among the four treatments, using an 



Table 2. — Soil organic matter content (percent) and rooting zone 

 depth (cm) as affected by site treatment. The two 

 mounded treatments were combined since no significant 

 differences occurred between them. Different letters 

 indicate significant differences (P5 0.05) among 

 treatments.) 





Low Elevation 



High Elevation 







Roof Depth 





ffoof Depth 





O.M.o/o 



(cm) 



O.M.% 



(cm) 



Mounded 



15.0a 



24.5a 



27.5a 



23.8a 



Scalped 



9.4b 



20.8b 



14.5b 



19.7c 



Scarified 



14.4a 



20.9b 



29.2a 



20.6b 



BULK DENSITY 



MOUNDED SCALPED SCARIFIED 



Different letters Indicate significant differences (PsO.05) across 

 treatments. 



Figure 2.— Bulk density means as af- 

 fected by site treatment at three depths. 



3 



