HOIITICI'LTURAL SOCIETV OF LONDON'. 



139 



In the Vallee franche (Fig. A.) the maximum of last year's 

 shoots was four inches ; this tree was arrested by root-pruning 

 in December 1838, and is now covered with blossom buds. 



The Passe jMadeleine (fig. B.) whose roots were pruned in 

 December 1838, made no shoots, but was covered with blossom 

 buds. 



In the AVinter Nelis (fig. D.) the last season's growth was 

 stated to be three inches ; and the specimens exhibited were 

 covered with blossom buds. 



Mr. Rivers next proceeded to give some hints and directions as 

 to the mode of operation. The best description of trees for the 

 purpose of forming, what he calls, Garden Orchards, are half 

 standards with round well formed heads, or plants trained en 

 quenouille, or dwarfs in the usual bush fashion. For immediate 

 effect these should be prepared by annual root-pruning for one, 

 two, or three years in the nursery, but if not so prepared, trees 

 of the usual size and quality may be planted and suffered to re- 

 main two years undisturbed, unless the soil is rich and they make 

 vigorous shoots the first season after planting ; thus, supposing 

 a tree to be planted in November or December, it may remain ^ 

 untouched two years from that period, and then, early in Novem- 

 ber, if possible, a circumferential trench ten inches from the 

 stem of the tree and eighteen inches deep should be dug, and 

 every root cut with a sharp spade, which should be introduced 

 quite under the stem at about fifteen inches in depth, so as com- 



