Contents 



Page 



INTRODUCTION 1 



PONDEROSA PINE IN THE NORTHERN ROCKY 



MOUNTAIN-INTERMOUNTAIN REGION 2 



Climate and Soil of the Habitat 2 



Ecological Position and Plant Associations 4 



PLANNING FOR REGENERATION 5 



Natural Versus Artificial Regeneration 5 



Site Preparation and Treatment (j 



ARTIFICIAL REGENERATION 12 



Seed Source 12 



Seed Production and Storage 13 



Direct Seeding 16 



Planting 18 



NATURAL REGENERATION 23 



Seed Dissemination 23 



Reproduction Cutting Methods 25 



APPLICATION OF CUTTING METHODS TO HABITAT TYPES .... 30 



Climax Position 30 



Serai Position 31 



REGENERATION DEVELOPMENT AND PROTECTION 33 



Losses During Establishment 33 



Losses After Establishment 34 



SUMMARY 37 



LITERATURE CITED 38 



Abstract 



Present knowledge of natural and artificial regeneration of ponderosa 

 pine in the northern Rocky Mountains and Intermountai n West is summa- 

 rized. In this territory, ponderosa pine grows under a wide range of cli- 

 matic, edaphic, and topographic conditions. Summer drought is a major 

 factor in regeneration; thorough site preparation is therefore necessary 

 to reduce competition. Some regeneration techniques that have been 

 tested in this territory are described. Planting is the most successful 

 method of artificial regeneration; direct seeding is sometimes used. Sev- 

 eral cutting methods may provide for natural regeneration if properly 

 applied. 



