Although expensive, the pilot planting demonstrated that shrubs can be successfully estab- 

 lished by either seeding or transplanting methods in environments typical of many southwestern 

 Idaho deer winter ranges. Our investigation supports the notion that adequate technology is 

 generally available for revegetating winter range problem areas and that inconsistent results 

 are at least partly due to improper application of recommended procedures. The findings are 

 not conclusive because the planting was done under a single set of environmental conditions. 

 Adverse environmental extremes may cause planting failures regardless of the care used in 

 following procedural details. 



PUBLICATIONS CITED 



Adams, Lowell. 



1962. Planting depths for seeds of three species of Ceanothus . USDA For. Serv. Res. Note 

 194, 3 p. Pac. Southwest For. and Range Exp. Stn., Berkeley, Calif. 

 Basile, Joseph V., and Ralph C. Holmgren. 



1957. Seeding depth trials with bitterbrush {Purshia tridentata) in Idaho. USDA For. Serv. 

 Res. Pap. 54, 10 p. Intermt. For. and Range Exp. Stn., Ogden , Utah. 

 Casebeer, Robert L. 



1954. The use of tetramine in bitterbrush revegetation . J. For. 52 (11) : 829-830. 

 Ferguson, Robert B. 



1972. Bitterbrush seedling establishment as influenced by soil moisture and soil surface 

 temperature. J. Range Manage. 25(l):47-49. 

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1967. A germination study on seeds of five species of the genus Ceanothus occurring in 

 Oregon. Newsletter Assoc. Offical Seed Analysts 41(2):12-19. 

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1954. A comparison of browse species for revegetation of big-game winter ranges in south- 

 western Idaho. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. 33, 12 p. Intermt. For. and Range Exp. Stn., 

 Ogden, Utah. 

 Holmgren, Ralph C. 



1956. Competition between annuals and young bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) in Idaho. 

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 Holmgren, Ralph C. , and Joseph V. Basile. 



1956. Range revegetation and deer on the Payette. Idaho Wildl. Rev. 9(2): 10-13. 

 Holmgren, Ralph C. , and Joseph V. Basile. 



1959. Improving southern Idaho deer winter ranges by artifical revegetation. Idaho Dep. 

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1967. Big-game winter range--a diminishing resource. Trans. 32nd North Am. Wildl. and 

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1956. Statistical methods. 5th ed . 534 p. Iowa State College Press, Ames. 



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