Tobalske, Bret W.; Shearer, Raymond C; Hutto, Richard L. 1991. Bird populations in 

 logged and untagged western larch/Douglas-fir forest in northwestern Montana. Res. 

 Pap. INT-442. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain 

 Research Station. 12 p. 



Of 32 species of abundant breeding birds, populations of 10 species differed significantly 

 between small cutting units and adjacent uncut forest. Foliage foragers and tree gleaners 

 were less abundant in cutting units, while flycatching species and ground foragers were 

 more common there. Of nesting guilds, conifer tree nesters were least abundant in cutting 

 units, and ground nesters were more common there. Results suggest that bird manage- 

 ment should consider diverse community-level habitat needs and that if maintenance of 

 tree-dependent species is important, broadleaf trees and snags of all species should be 

 retained. 



KEYWORDS: breeding birds, bird habitat, wildlife management, timber harvesting 



