Figure 5. --Seven lodgepote pine needles damaged by feeding of adult Magdalis gentilis 

 LeC. Those portions of the needles outward from the feeding punctures have 

 desiccated, discolored, and curled up along their longitudinal axis. The second 

 needle from the left shows two feeding punctures ; only the outermost one was 

 severe enough to cause desiccation and curling. 



Damaged shoots are quite distinctive soon after the feeding period is over, while 

 dead portions of needles remain attached. Distal portions of damaged needles, though 

 still attached, hang down or lie at all angles throughout the foliage (fig. 6). As 

 long as damaged discolored portions of the needles remain attached, trees have an 

 overall reddish-brown color. Undamaged needles or portions of needles remain green. 

 The condition of a shoot bearing many damaged needles, as seen in figure 6, is more 

 easily realized when compared to an undamaged shoot [fig- 7). 



Near the end of the growing season the year following Magdalis defoliation, the 

 damaged shoot generally lacks needles; many of those that are present are only stubs 

 remaining after distal portions broke off. At that time, undamaged current year's 

 foliage appears as a tuft on the end of the branch (fig. 8). 



Defoliation resulting from needle feeding is the only type of Magdalis damage I 

 observed on the young crop trees in thinned areas. There was no indication that 

 adults oviposit nor that larvae feed in or on the shoots or any other portions of the 

 standing trees . 



7 



