18 



/. CAPPARTDE.1: 



[Capparis. 



bordering on North K^nara, fairly eommoD. Fl. Oct. Fr. C. S. A small 

 tree, sometimes with a rather thick trunk, bnt of no great height. The 

 wood is white, moderately hard and durable, used by the natives in the 

 Madras Presidency for agricultural implements and rafters. Weighs 

 46 lbs. to a cubic foot. 



8. C. longispina, Hook, f . & T. Fl. Br. I. 1. 176. 



Along the North Kanara ghats in open situations near evergreen forests. 

 Fl. Feb.-j^larch. Fr. R. S. A spreading, bushy shrub. In the Fl. Br. I. it 

 IS stated that this is probably a state of C. pedunculosa, differing in the 

 thorns, leaf form and pubescence. 



9. C. sepiaria, Linn; DC. Prod. 1. 247; var. Vulgaris; Fl. Br. 1. 1. 

 3 76 ; Brandis For. Fl. 15 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 10. Kanth ar. Guz.i 

 Basingif K. 



Dry places throughout India from Sind to Burma. The Carnatic and 

 Ceylon. Throughout the dry parts of the Presidercy, very common in 

 hedges and open situations in deciduous forests. Fl. Feb .-May. Fr, 

 R. S. A wiry branched, spreading shrub. Wood white, hard. 



10. C. pedunculosa. Wall. Cat. 6. 993; Fl. Br. 1. 1. 176; Dalz. & 

 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 9. KoUsna, M. 



Western Peninsula and the Carnatic ; Konkan ghats ; at Mahabaleshvar 

 and in the thickest jungles generally. — Dalz. A branched, spreading 

 shrub. 



11. C horrida, Linn. f. ; DC. Prod. 1. 246 ; Fl. Br. I. 1. 178 ; Dalz. 

 & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 10 ; Brandis or. Fl. 15. Ardanda,'B, ; Wag, gowindif 

 M. ; Totla halli, K. 



Plains and lower hills ihroughout most parts of India, Ceylon and 

 Java. Throughout the Presidency and Sind ; common in hedges and in 

 open situations from the sea-level upwards. Fl. Nov.-Apl. Fr. R. S. 

 Found in forests, climbing high and covered with its conspicuous and 

 characteristic flowers, often when bare of leaves. Wood yellowish-white, 

 moderately hard, light. Pores large, single, often filled with a pithy 

 substance. Medullary rays broad, wavy, numerous. Annual rings dis- 

 tinct. Weighs 47 lbs. to the cubic foot. Used for fuel. Leaves and bark 

 used medicinally. Fruits sometimes mixed in the native curries. 



12. C. tenera, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Jour. Bot. II. 41 ; Dalz. & Gibs. 

 Bomb. Fl. 9 ; Fl. Br. I. 1. 179. Var. VahelUu 



Gh-its from Assam to Burma and Tennaserim, Western ghats from 

 North Kanara southwards. On the southern ghats of North Kanara, in 

 evergreen forests. Fl. April-May. Fr. R. S. A large climber ; branches 

 glabrous, slender. Fruit pisiform, few-seeded. 



4. CRATJEVA, L, 

 Trees. Leaves trifoliate. Flowers large, yellow, in terminal 

 corymbs. Sepals 4, cohering below with the convex disk. Petals 4, 

 long-clawed. Stamens indefinite, filaments filiform, free. Ovary 

 on a long gynophore with 2 placentas bearing numerous ovules ; stigma 

 sessile, depressed. Fruit a large berry. Seeds imbedded in pulp. 



