22 



9. BiX]NE^. 



[Flacourtia. 



A variable species : three of the five varieties given in the Fl Br. I. are 

 found ill this Presidency. Var. sapida, with coriaceous, nearly ghibroua 

 leaves and pubescent peduncles is common in the North Kanara forests. 

 The tomentose variety (occidentalis) is found in the Deccan. 



Throughout India on dry hills and in deci iaous forests, also in the 

 Prome district of Burma, sometimes cultivated. Fl. Nov.-March. 

 Fr. Feb. -Aug. Fruit and leaves are eaten ; fruit either cooked or raw ; 

 leaves as cattle fodder. Bark grey, scaly, thin. Wood red, hard, close and 

 even-grained, durable but splits. Weighs 53 lbs. to the cubic foot. 

 Used for agricultural implements. The gam and powdered bark are 

 employed in native medicine. 



3. F. sepiaria, Roxb. Cor. PI. T. 48. t. 68 ; Fl. Fr. 1. 1. 194 ; Dalz. & 

 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 11 ; Brandis For. Fl. 18. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 16. Tambat, 

 Vern. 



Dry jungles, throughout Bengal, the W. Peninsula and Ceylon ; 

 common in the Deccan towards the ghats ; also on stony ground near the 

 coast of North Kanara, where it is associated with Ganthium parviflorum, 

 and Memecylou edule. Fl. C. S. Fr. R. S. 



F. Cataphraeta, Roxb. in Willd. Sp. PI. IV. 830 ; Fl. Br. I. 1. 193 ; 

 Dalz. & Gibs Bomb. Fl. 10. Jug gum, Vern. This species, given on the 

 authority of the Bombay Flora, is said to be found in the Warri country 

 in the Konkan on the banks of rivers. 



5. HYDNOCARPUS, Ggertn. 



Trees. Leaves alternate, entire or serrate ; stipules foliaeeous, 

 deciduous. Flowers solitary or in small racemes, dioecious. Sepals 

 4-5, free^ imbricate. Petals 5-9, each with a basal scale or the scales 

 cohering in a cup. Male fl. : Stamens 5-8; anthers reniform, connec- 

 tive broad. Female fl. : Staminodes 5 or more ; ovary 1-celled ; 

 stigmas 3-6, dilated, lobed ; ovules many on 3-6, parietal placentas. 

 Fruit globose with a hard rind, many-seeded. Albumen oily ; cotyle- 

 dons very broad, flat. 



H. Wightiana, Blume, Rumph. IV. 22; Fl. Br. 1.1.196; Dalz. & 

 Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 11 ; Badd. Fl. Sylv. 16. Kastel, kantel, kiti, kabasalOf M. ; 

 Toratti, surti, K. ; Kudre suite, Vern. 



Western Peninsula from the Konkan southwards ; North Kanara, in 

 evergreen forests. Fl. Feb.-Apl. Fr. R. S. 



A large evergreen tree ; stems often fluted. Wood yellowish-grey, 

 hard, close-grained, smooth. Pores few, small, single or divided. 

 Medullary rays numerous, fine or very fine, wavy, joined by many transverse 

 irregular fine wavy lines of white tissue. Annual rings distinct. Weighs 

 61 lbs. to the cubic foot. Used for building purposes (beams and rafters) 

 i n North Kanara. Seeds yield a yellow oil used for burning and in native 

 medicine for skin diseases ; also taken internally. 



