Uarcinia.] 



12. QUTTIFERiE. 



27 



and almost tessolated bj shallow fissures. Wood light brown or yoUowisk 

 with darker irregular patches of tissue, moderately hard. Pores more 

 numerous and larger than in that of 0. Oamhogia, and it is also lighter. 

 Weighs 48 lbs. to the cubic foot. 



The fruit is edible when perfectly ripe. The seeds yield the well 

 known concrete oil (kokum). 



2. G. Cambogia, Desrouss. in Lamk. Encycl. III. 701 ; M. Br. I. 1. 

 261 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 85. Oojoagi warn, dharambe^ K. 



Western Peninsula from the Konkan to Travancore and Oeylon. On 

 the southern ghdts of North K^nara, in evergreen forests. Fl. Cold 

 and Hot seasons. Fr. ripe R. S. 



Wood grey, cross-grained, shining, hard. Pores small and very small, 

 in short radial lines, between the numerous fine medullary rays. Weighs 

 54 lbs. to the cubic foot. This tree contains much yellow gum, insoluble 

 in water, but soluble in spirits of turpentine with which it forms a 

 beautiful yellow varnish. 



The name " Dharambe," used by the natives near the rocks of Yena, 

 N. K^nara, for this tree, is very like Dharambo, given in the Hortus Mala- 

 baricus more than 200 years ago. Reede says this tree flowers aud fruits 

 twice in the year. Dharambe is also a Konkani name for G. Xantho' 

 chymus. 



3. G. Morella, Desrouss. in Lamk. Encycl. III. 701 ; Fl. Br. I. I. 

 264 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 86. G. pictoria, Roxb. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 87. 

 Arsifia gurgi, hardala^ K. The Gamboge Tree. 



Forests of Eastern Bengal ; Khasia mountains. W. and E. Penin- 

 sulas, Ceylon and eastwards to Siam. In the Siddapur taluka evergreen 

 forests of North Kanara. Fl. Nov. Fr. ripe Feb.-Mar. 



This moderate sized tree produces the true gamboge of commerce, 

 which is procured principally from Siam and is used in Europe as a pig- 

 ment and in Burma for dyeing silken fabrics. The rind of the fruit may 

 be used as a tan. The semi-solid yellow fatty oil obtained from the seeds 

 is used in Mysore as a substitute for lamp-oil ; also in cookery. Gamboge 

 is also used in medicine. Bark generally smooth, exfoliating in grey 

 shining patches or scales ; inner bark yellowish-white with numerous 

 gamboge-yielding glands. Wood yellow, hard, mottled. Weighs 56 lbs. 

 to the cubic foot. 



4. G. Xanthochymus, H. f. Fl. Br. I. 1. 269. Xanthochymus pic- 

 torius, Ro3b. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 88; Dalz. & Gibs. Bom. Fl. 31. Janagi, 

 javangi, davangi, gansargi, deavhai, K. ; JDharainhey Kon. 



Eastern Himalaya, E. Bengal, Burma, E. Peninsula, W. Peninsula 

 on the ghats from Bombay southwards. Abundant in the evergreen 

 forests of N. Kanara. Fl. Apl.-May. Fr. C. & H. seasons. 



A large tree. Bark brown, smooth, lenticellate, inner bark white, -25 in. 

 thick, without yellow glands. Wood light yellowish-brown, hard, mode- 

 rately heavy. Medullary rays fine^ more widely apart or- close together^ 



