xxiv 



SYNOPSIS OF NATURAL ORDERS, 



ovules 1;, many in each cell, usually reduced to a naked nucleus. 

 Fruit a drupe or berry usually 1-seeded. 



78. Loranthacece* — Parasitic evergreen shrubs. Leaves coriaceous, 

 entire, usually opposite ; sometimes wanting. Flowers hermaphrodite ► 

 Ovary inferior. Ovule solitary, erect. Albumen green, fleshy, 



79. 8antdlacece» — Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leaves entire, alternate 

 oi' opposite. No stipules. Stamens opposite perianth-lobes. Ovary 

 inferior, 1-celled. Fruit 3 -seeded. Albumen fleshy. 



31. EaPHORBiALES.— Flowers unisexual or rarely hermaphrodite. 

 Perianth various or 0. Ovary superior 2, many celled ; ovules I, 

 numerous, pendulous in each cell. Fruit often capsular, rarely a 

 berry or drupe. 



80. Euphorbiacece. — Trees, shrubs, or herbs often ^ith milky juice. 

 Leaves alternate or opposite. Flovrers unisexual. Perianth various, 

 rarely double. Ovary fi-ee, usually 3-celled. Cells with 1-2 suspended 

 ovules in each. Fruit a capsule or drupe. Seeds oily. 



32. Ueticales. — Flowers unisexual or hermaphrodite. Perianth 

 usually regular, rarely 0. Stamens opposite the perianth-lobes. 

 Ovary superior ; 1 rarely 2-celled, ovule solitary in each cell ; stigmas 

 1-2. Fruit an akene or samara ; albumen or present. 



81. Urticacece. — Herbs, shrubs or trees, often with milky juice. 

 Leaves simple, usually alternate. Stipules present. Flowers unisexual. 

 Stamens opposite the perianth-segments. Ovary free, usually 1-celled. 

 Fruit 1-seeded. 



83. Amentales. — Flowers unisexual in catkins, cones or heads. 

 . Perianth or calyx-like or consisting of 1 or more bristles, bracts 

 or scales. Ovary superior, 1-2-celled ; albumen 0. 



82. GasuarinecB. — Trees with jointed branchlets. Leaves reduced to 

 toothed sheaths at the nodes. Flowers monoecious, in spikes. Male 

 flowers monandrous. Female flower without a perianth. Fruit a 

 globose head of bracts, valvately opening. 



83. SalicinecB. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers dioe- 

 cious, in lateral catkins. Ovary free, 1-celled; ovules indefinite. Seeds- 

 numerous, minute, with a tuft of hairs. 



Division 2. GYMNOSPERMS. 



Ovules not enclosed in an ovary and fertilised by direct contact 

 with the pollen. Cotyledons often more than 2. 



84. Gnef,acece, — Climbing shrubs with jointed stems. Leaves opposite, 

 rarely 0. Flowers unisexual, enclosed in sheatking bracts^ 



