58 



2l. HUTACE^. 



up to 200O feet elevation. Flowers from July till November. Fruit ripe 

 during the cold season. In the Fl. Br. I. a doubtful species, Z. Budrunga^ 

 Wall,, stated to be easily recognized by the raised glands in the crenulures, 

 is given. The N. Kanara tree has the leaflets als® crenate-glandular and 

 is the same as the Belgaum and Konkan plant which has the leaflets often 

 quite entire. Perhaps the two species should be united. Wood yellowish- 

 white, ^ often with dark irregular stained patches, light, soft. Woody 

 tissue in concentric alternate rings of darker hard and lighter soft tissue^ 

 Pores large, equal, single or divided, few, regularly distributed. Medullary 

 rays equal, fine, numerous. 



The essential oil from the carpels is used in native medicine. The ripe 

 seeds which taste like pepper are used in making pickle. 



3. TOD DAL I A, Juss. 



Rambling prickly shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, 1-3-foliate, 

 leaflets sessile. Flowers small in axillary or terminal cymes or panicles^ 

 unisexual. Calyx 2-5-lobed. Petals 2-5. Stamens 2-4-5 (or in- 

 terval 8 with the alternate imperfect). Ovary entire or 4-parted in the 

 male flowers, in the female flowers 2-7, rarely 1-celled ; ovules 2 in each 

 cell. Fruit gland-dotted, 2-7-celled. Seeds angled, reniform ; 

 albumen fleshy ; embryo curved ; terete, cotyledons linear or oblong. 



Pricldy shrubs, leaves trifoliate ... ... 1. T. aculeata* 



Unarmed trees. Leaves with 6-10 leaflets ... 2. T. hilocularis* 



1. T. aculeata, Pers. ; DC. Prod. IL 83 ; Fl. Br. 1. 1. 497 ; Dalz. & Gibs> 

 Bomb. Fh 46. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 42. Limonia oligandra^ Dalz. & Gibs. Bo. 

 Fl. 28. Jungly kali-mirchi, manger, Umri-iM. ; Pargi balU, K. The Lopez 

 Root. 



Sub-tropical Himalaya ascending to 5000 ft., Khasia mountains ascend- 

 ing to 6000 ft. "Western Peninsula, common throughout the ghats of the 

 Bombay Presidency in moist evergreen forests. Fl. Aug. -Jan. Fr. R. S. 

 Stem 2*5 — 4 in. at the base. Bark yellowish, corky, but not fissured, 

 covered with conical prickles 1 in. high, and from a broad base, consist- 

 ing of alternate plates of corky periderm and woody phloem, crowned 

 by a hard curved prickle (the original prickle) which falls off eventual- 

 ly ; inner bark of red and yellow tissae in concentric layers ; yellow thickest 

 and hard. Wood porous, yellowish-white, soft. The ripe berries are 

 pi-ckled. A valuable medicinal product, equal in some cases to quinine, is 

 obtained from the roots. Never an erect shrub as stated by Dalzell in 

 the Bo. Fl. p. 46. 



2. T. bilocularis, W. & A. Prod. 149 ; Fl. Br. I. 1. 497 ; Bedd. Fl. 

 Syl. 43. Dipetalum biloculare, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 46. 



Western Peninsula, Konkan, Kdnara and the Ana mullays from 2 — 400O 

 ft. in moist forests. Fl. March. 



4. ACRONYCHIA, Forst. 



Trees. Leaves subopposite, usually simple, entire. Flowers axil- 

 lary, cymose. Calyx minute, 4-lobed. Petals 4, spreading,^ re volute. 

 Stamens 8, alternate longer. Ovary tomentose, in the hollow tip of disk. 



