22. SIMARTTnEiE. 



[Ailantus* 



A large tree, 100 ft. high by 4 ft. in diameter. Bark grey, smooth, 

 with a very thin corky layer outside ; inner bark hard, mottled yellow, 

 fibrous, '5 in. thick. Wood soft, white, spongy ; weighs 23 lbs. to the 

 cub. ft. ; worthless as timber. Yields a soft, dark brown, fragrant resin 

 (Mutipal), used in native medicine, and burnt as an incense in native 

 temples. 



2. SAMADERA, Gsortn. 



Trees. Leaves alternate, simple. Flowers large, hermaphrodite, in 

 axillary or terminal umbels. Calyx 3-5-partite. Petals 3-5. Disk 

 large, conical. Stamens 8-10 ; a small scale at the base. Carpels 

 4-5 ; styles free at base, more or less united above. Fruit of 1-5, 

 compressed, 1-seeded drupes, each with a narrow wing. 



S. indica, Gcertn. Frut. II. t. 156; Fl. Br. I. 1. 519; Bedd. For. 

 Sylv. 49 ; Grab. Cat. Bom. PI. 37. 



A small tree, with pale yellow bark and stout branches. Leaves 

 elliptic, lanceolate, fleshy, 8 by 3 in., 2-glandular near the petiole, nearly 

 glabrous. Umbels dense, many-flowered, long peduncled. Petals 

 oblong. Fruit oval, 1*5 by 1 in. Seed brown, curved. 



This tree is indigenous on the Malabdr coast ; it is stated to have been 

 found in Goanese territory. I have never met with it in N. Kanara. 

 Yields the Niepa bark of commerce which contains the bitter principle 

 called Samaderin used in native medicine. Wood light, yellow, soft. 

 Weighs 26 lbs. to the cub. ft. 



3. BALANITES, Delile. 



Spiny shrubs or trees. Leaves 2-foliate, entire. Flowers green, 

 m small axillary cymes. Calyx segments 5. Petals 5, imbricate. 

 Stamens 10, inserted at the base of the disk. Disk thick, conical, 

 entire. Ovary 1-celled ; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit a woody 

 1-seeded drupe. Seed pendulous, exalbuminous. 



B. Roxburghii, Planch. in^Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4. II. 258 ; Fl. Br. I. 1. 

 522 ; Brandis For. Fl. 59 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 50 ; Grab. Cat. Bomb. PI. 23. 



Hingu, hinganhet, Vern. 



Common in many of the drier parts of India. Sikkim ; C. Provinces ; 

 Behar ; N. Circars ; Deccan and S. India ; throughout the driest parts of 

 the Bombay Presidency in open situations. Flowers in April and May. 

 Fruit ripe December. 



New leaves in March, Under favourable circumstances attains a height 

 of SO feet with a trunk 2 feet in girth. Bark yellow or cinerous. Wood 

 yellowish-white, moderately hard; no heartwood, no annual rings; 

 weighs 48 lbs. to the cubic ft. Used for fuel and walking sticks. The 

 woody fruit with the seed extracted is used as a kind of bomb in native 

 fireworks. This species differs_very slightly from B, cegy:ptiaca, Del., of 

 N. and Tropical Africa. 



