Veniilago], 



30. RHAMNE^. 



95 



Throughout the hotter parts of India from Nepal to Tennasserlm, 

 Western Peninsula ; very common in the deciduous forests of the Konkan 

 and Deccan ; is found also in the moist forests of North Kanara. Flowers 

 during the rainy season. Fruit ripe February in North Kanara. Stems 

 6 in. to 1 ft. in diameter ; branchlets green, angled and fluted. Bark 

 sometimes nearly smooth, in old stems rough at base, very characteristic, 

 the fissures showing a vermillion tissue, more or less developed ; inner bark 

 yellowish-brown, said to yield a good cordage. An oil is obtained from 

 the seeds. Wood yellowish, fibrous and moderately hard. Pores large, 

 oval, simple or divided ; very numerous between the moderately broad 

 medullary rays. Annual rings not distinct. 



3. V. bombaiensis, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Jour. Bot. III. 36 ; Fl. Br. I. 

 I. 631 ; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 48 ; Cooke Fl. Pres. Bomb. 239. A large 

 climbing shrub from the moist forests of the Belgaum and N, Kanara 

 Ghdts. Fl. C. S. A distinct species, which I think should not be con- 

 founded with the large tree Zizy^phus wynaadensis, described by Beddome 

 in the Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 114. 



2. ZIZYPHUS, Juss. 



Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing, usually armed with stipular 

 sharp prickles. Leaves alternate, often oblique at the base, palmately 

 3-5-nerved. Flowers fascicled or in axillary cymes. Calyx 5-fid, 

 lobes keeled within, tube broadly obeonic. Petals 5^ hooded. Disk 

 flat, filling the short calyx-tube. Ovary immersed in the disk^ 

 2-4-celled; styles 2-4, free or more or less united. Fruit fleshy or 

 dry, containing a wocdy or bony 1-3 -seeded stone. Seed plano- 

 convex ; albumen or very scanty. 



Flowers in sessile cymes or fascicled in tlie 

 axils of the leaves. Ovary 2-celled. 



A tree. Fruit globose i — fin. in diameter, 



brown, orange or red when ripe. ... 1. Z. Jtijuha, 



A straggling or bushy shrub. Fruit 

 globose, 3 in. in diameter, red, shining 

 when ripe 2. Z, nummularta, 



A climbing, scandent shrub. Fruit globose, 

 5 in! in diameter, yellow, turning black 

 when quite ripe S. Z. (Enojplia. 



Flowers in pedunculate, axillary cymes. Ovary 

 3-celled. 



A small tree or straggling shrub. Fruit 

 globose, 1 in. in diameter, green glab- 

 rous when ripe, very hard, woody ... 4. Z. xylopyra. 



Flowers in peduncled, cymose, terminal pani- 

 cles. Ovary 2-celled. 



A straggling shrub. Fruit '3 in. in dia- 

 meter, white, mealy when ripe ; stone 

 crustaceous ... 5. Z. rugosa. 



1. Z. Jujuba, Lamk. Diet. III. 318; Fl. Br. I. 1. 632; Dalz. & Gibs. 

 Bomb. Fl. 49 ; Bedd. Fl. 8ylv. t. 149 ; Brandis For. Fl. 8d. llanji, K. ; 

 Bar J her, M. 



