30. KIlAMNEiR. 



97 



hard, heavy, dense. Pores largo and small, sarround(id by a vyhite tissue, 

 which forms wavy, concentric, irregiilai-, conflueat bands. Medullary rays 

 fine, equidistant, numerous. Weighs 60 lbs. to the cub; ft. ; easily worked 

 and durable. Used for carts, &c. Makes excellent torches. " The charred 

 fruit is used for dyeing leather black." — Brandis. 



Z. horrida, Roth. Nov. Sp. 159; Fl. Br. I. 1. C3G ; DC. Prod. 11.20. 



Western Peninsula, Wgt. ; the Konkan, Stocks. I know nothing of 

 this apparently doubtfully indigenous species. 



5. Z. ragosa. Lamk. Diet, III. 319 ; Fl. Br. 1. 1. 663 ; Dalz. & Gibs. 

 Bomb. Fl. 49 ; Brandis For. Fl. 89 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 68. Turan, M. ; Suna 

 hoorliy K. 



Tropical Himalaya, Assam, Burma and the Western Peninsula from 

 the Konkan southwards, Ceylon. Very common in open places on 

 the North Kanara ghats and elsewhere throughout the presidency. Fi. 

 Nov.-Mch. Fr. May. Bark dark brown, scaly. Wood reddish, tough, 

 hard. Pores large, oval, simple or subdivided. Med. rays fine, distinct and 

 very numerous. Weighs about 40 lbs. to the cub. ft. Fruit edible. The 

 mealy pulp surrounding the crustaceous stone is very palatable and in 

 my opinion not at all mawkish. Large quantities of this frait are eateii 

 by the Ghdt population during the hot season. 



3. RHAMNUS, L. 



Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers hermaphrodite or poly- 

 gamous. Calyx-tube urceolate^ limb 4-5-lobed, lobes keeled within. 

 Petals 4-5, or 0, inserted on the catyx-tube above the ovary^ hood- 

 shaped or flat. Stamens 4-5. Disk thin, lining the calyx-tube. 

 Ovary free, 3-4-celled, narrowed into a 3-4-cleft style. Fruit a berry- 

 iike drupe, girt at the base by the small calyx-tube, 2-4-seeded. 



R. Wightii, W. & A. Prod. 164 ; Fl. Br. I. 1. 639 ; Bedd. B. Sylv. 70 ; 

 Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 50. JRngt rorar, Vera, 



A large glabrous shrub. Western Peninsula ; from the highest hills of 

 the Konkan southwards to the Nilghiris, Ceylon. I have specimens of 

 B. triqueterfWaiW., collected in the " Koriacha Kila," 11 miles south of 

 Lanowli at an alt of 31O0 ft. It is very like H. Wightii, but differs in the 

 pubescence ; it may have been cultivated. Fr. March-April. 



4. SCUTIA, Comm. 



A scandent, glabrous, prickly shrub, prickles sub-opposite, recurved. 

 Leaves opposite or alternate, coriaceous, penninerved. Flowers her- 

 maphrodite, in axillary fascicles or subumbellate. Calyx 5-fid ; tube 

 hemispherical or turbinate. Petals 5, emarginate, clawed, flat or 

 hooded. Disk filling the calyx-tube. Stamens 5. Ovary sunk in the 

 disk, 2-4-celled, narrowed into a short 2-3-cleft style. Fruit ovoid or 

 sabglobose, girt at the base by the calyx ; pyrenes 2-4. 



S. indica, Brogn. in Ann, Sc. Nat. X. 363 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl; 

 50 ; Fl. Br. I. 1. 640 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 70. Gkimat, Ycrn; 

 B 987—13 



