822 



81. URTICACE^. 



[Celtis. 



C. tetrandra, Roxb. FL Ind. II. 63; Fl. Br. I. 5. 482. C. BoxburgUi^ 

 Planch ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 237. G. serotina, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 218. 



Brumaj, M. ; Hitarif heenari, henhig^ hartal^ K. 



Outer Himalayas from Kumaon eartwards ; western peninsula from 

 the Konkan southwards. Throughout the Konkan and North Kanara, 

 usually in evergreen forests on the ghats, locally abundant. FJ. Junc- 

 Sept. Fr. Mch.-May. 



A moderate sized tree. Bark smooth, light coloured, J in. thick, very 

 hard, with black or brown irregular bands or layers of almost bony tissue 

 alternating with white or yellowish, soft tissue. Wood yellowish-grey, 

 smooth, shining, moderately hard ; annual rings distinct. Pores small, 

 often subdivided in white lines of tissue, these bands or lines are con- 

 tinuous in the spring wood and in the remainder of the ring they are wavy 

 and often discontinuous. Medullary rays moderately broad or fine, short, 

 white. Weighs 52 lbs. to the cub. ft. Used for planking and canoes in 

 Assam ; for building purposes in N. Kanara. 



3. TREMA, Lour. 



Trees. Leaves alternate, 3-7-nerved at the base ; stipules cadu- 

 cuous. Flowers monoicous, in small axillary cymes. Male fl. Sepals 

 4-5, subimbricate in bud. Stamens 5, longer than the sepals, erect in 

 bud. Fern. fl. Sepals of the male. Ovary sessile; style arms 2, 

 linear ; ovule pendulous. Fruit a small drupe with a hard endocarp. 

 Albumen fleshy, embryo curved or involute ; cotyledons narrow, 

 radicle imcumbent. 



T, orientalis, Blume Mns. Bot. II. 62 ; Fl. Br. I. 5. 484. Sponia 

 orientalis, Brandis For. Fl. 430; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 219. S. WigUii^ 

 Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 238. Banamhada, hapashi^ kargol, M. ; Benda- 

 harhe^ gol^ Yern. The Indian Nettle or Charcoal Tree. 



Foot of the Nepal Himalaya, Bengal, Behar and southwards to Travan- 

 core and Singapore. Throughout the Konkan and North Kanara in 

 moist forests, common. Fl. Mch.-Jany. Fr. Dec.-Jany. A small tree. 

 Bark smooth, grey. Wood light, reddish-grey, soft, very fast- growing. 

 Pores moderate sized, often subdivided. Medullary rays fine, numerous. 

 Made into gunpowder charcoal. A useful shade tree in some of the Mysore 

 coffee plantations. 



4. GIRONNIERA, Gaud. 



Evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate ; stipules sheathing 

 the budsj caducous. Flowers dioicous, in axillary cymes or the female 

 solitary. Male fl. Sepals 5, broad, obtuse, imbricate. Stamens 5, 

 erect. Pistillode woolly. Female fl. Sepals narrower than in the 

 male, acute. Ovary sessile, style central, arms 2, filiform, ovule 

 pendulous. Drupe ovoid, often keeled, endocarp hard. Albumen 0, 

 scanty or copious, embryo contorted. 



