154 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 



not swollen by heavy rains it is possible to enter this gorge at 

 its head and to follow along the bed of the stream through the 

 gorge into the Tennessee river valley. Before reaching the level 

 of the valley the stream has cut its way through the sandstone 

 to the underlying subcarboniferous limestone. In the spring of 

 1899, with Mr. John Scott of Pisgah as a guide, I went through 

 the gorge, and since then have several times visited this inter- 

 esting spot at different seasons of the year. 



In this gorge plants of the Alleghanian and Carolinian plant- 

 life areas intermingle. Here Betula lenta L. 112 and Tsuga cana- 

 densis (L. ) Carr. 113 make trees of considerable size. Rhodode?idron 

 catawbiense Michx. 114 and Hydrangea' quercifolia Bartr. 115 grow side 

 by side. Hydrangea arborescens L., 116 H radiaia Walt. 117 and H. 

 cinerea Small 118 are also found in or along the gorge. Ribes 

 cynosbati L. 119 is common among the rocks throughout the gorge 

 above the limestone formation, Diervilla rivularis Gattinger 120 

 is common about the cascades, and on the rocks in dry situations 

 Philadelphus hirsutus Nutt. 1 ' 21 and Hypericum aureum Bart. 122 are 

 found. The latter usually found growing in calcareous soil, finds 

 here a congenial habitat on the sandstone, growing luxuriantly 

 and blooming profusely. Along the stream Azalea arborescens 

 Pursh, 123 Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray, 124 Viburnum cassinoides 

 L. 125 and Stuartia pentagyna L'Her. 126 are common shrubs. 



In crevices of rocks along the precipitous walls of the gorge, I 

 found Deschampsia flexuosa (L. ) Trin. 127 On wet rocks I found 

 Ariscema triphyllum (L. ) Torr. , 128 Syndesmon thalictroides (L. ) 

 Hoffmg., 129 Vagnera race?nosa (L.) Morong., 130 Chelone lyoni Pursh, 131 

 Chelone glabra L., 132 Therofon aco?iitifolia (Nutt.) Millsp., 133 and 

 Carex costellata Britton. 134 In several moist shady situations 

 Rudbeckia heliopsidis T. & G. 135 was collected. This rudbeckia 



112 Sp. PI. 983, 1753. 124 Man. ed. 2, 264, 1856. 



113 Trait. Conif. 185, 1855. 125 Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1 : 384, 1762. 

 Hi Flora I : 258, 1803. 126 Stirp. 155, t, 74, 1784. 



115 Travels, 382, t. 7, 1791. 127 Bull. Acad. St. Petersburg 1 : 66, 1836. 



lie Sp. PI. 397, 1753. 128 Flora N. Y. 2 : 239, 1843. 



11" Fl. Car. 251, 1788. 129 Flora 15 : part 2, Intell. Bl. 4, 34, 1832. 



118 Bull. Torr. Club, 25 : 148, 1898. 130 Mem. Torr. Club, 5 : 114, 1894. 



119 Sp. PI. 202, 1753. 131 Flora Am. Sept. 2 1737, 1814. 



120 Bot. Gaz. 13 : 191, 1888. 132 Sp. PI. 611, 1753- 



121 Gen. 1 : 301, 1818. 133 Bull. W. Va. Agr. Exp. Sta. 2 : 361, 1892. 



122 Travels, 383, 1791. 134 Bull. Torr. Club, 22:223, 1895. 



123 Flora Am. Sept. I : 152, 1816. 135 Fl. N. A. 2 1310, 1842. 



