THE BOOK OF GARDENING. 



where hardy Conifers are admired. It is vigorous in growth, 

 with horizontal branches, pendulous branchlets, and brownish- 

 yellow leaves which become bronze-tinted in winter. The brown- 

 coloured stem is also conspicuous in winter. 



T. occidentalis (American Arbor Vitae). — Although this cannot 

 be called an ornamental tree of the first water, it is useful for 

 hedges, and its green foliage is tinted with brown in winter ; it 

 is of rather irregular growth, and forms a medium-sized tree in 

 moist soils. T. occ. aurea is the best of the golden-leaved 

 Thuyas, and is valuable for giving colour to the shrubbery; it 

 makes a beautiful lawn tree, and its golden-coloured foliage is 

 touched with bronze in winter. T. occ. Dicksoni is of pyramidal 

 habit, rather sparsely branched, and free in growth ; in spring and 

 summer its leaves are rich green, and in winter they are stained 

 with bronzy-yellow. T. occ. Ellwangeriana is of all the close- 

 habited Thuyas perhaps the most useful and graceful. It is 

 of dense dwarf habit, with numerous slender branches of upright 

 tendency, feathery branchlets, and scale-like leaves ; good for 

 lawns and small gardens. T. occ. ej^ecta viridis is bushy, much- 

 branched, neat in growth, and very distinct. T. occ. globosa 

 compacta is more vigorous than JEIkvange?'iafia, but less graceful ; 

 it is, however, compact and ornamental. T. occ. Ifoveii, though 

 of rather irregular habit, is entitled to the planters considera- 

 tion, its numerous branches and flat branchlets being clothed 

 with rich green foliage. T. occ. Vervaeneana has not been 

 planted extensively, although very attractive, and well adapted 

 for the lawn ; it is of elegant growth, and its yellowish leaves 

 are touched with bronzy-yellow in winter. T. occ. Warea?ia 

 ( T. caucasica) is vigorous, compact, and superior to the type ; 

 its short horizontal branches are clothed with deep green leaves, 

 and its sub-variety, lutea., a yellow-leaved form, is effective too. 



T. orieutalis {Biota orientalis) (Fig. 329), the well-known Chinese 

 Arbor Vitse, is a native of Japan, as well as of the northern 

 regions of China, and was introduced into England about 150 

 years ago. It is a useful and free-growing. Conifer, quite hardy, 

 and thrives well in ordinary soil, provided suitable drainage is 

 provided. It forms a dwarf tree, upwards of 20ft. high, of 

 pyramidal dense habit, and, from an ornamental point of view, is 

 much superior to the American Arbor Vitae, Thuya occidentalis. 

 The following are some of the most distinct and handsome 

 varieties : T. or. argeiiteo-variegata is conspicuous for its silver 

 variegation, but, in order to preserve its true character, it should 

 have a sunny spot, as when planted in the shade the variegation 

 is apt to disappear. T. or. aurea {T. aurea, T. compacta aurea) is 

 a chaVming shrub of dwarf, dense habit, the young growths 

 being wholly yellow, which gradually changes to a greenish tinge 

 with age. T. or. aureo-variegata is of Continental origin, and a 

 taller grower than the last-named, with slender branchlets, the 



