132 



SCIENCE OF 



GARDENING. 



Part II. 



CtAss VIII. Odandria. Stamens 8. Orders 1. 



1 . Monogfjiua. A very various and rich order, consisting of 

 the w'ell known Travreolutn, or Nasturtium, whose original 



■ Latin name, given from the flavor of the plant, like garden- 

 cresse;, is now become its Knglish one m every body's mouth. 

 The elegant and fanciful Linnaean appellation, equivalent to 

 a trophy plant, alludes to its use for decorating bowers, and 

 the resemblance of its peltate leaves to shields, as well as 

 of its flowers to golden helmets, pierced through and 

 through, and stained with blood. Epjlobium, with its allies, 

 makes a beautiful part of this order ; but above all are con- 

 spicuous the favorite Fuchsia, the American genus Vacci- 

 niiim ; the immense and most elegant genus Erica, so 

 abundant in southern Africa, but not known in America ; 

 and the fragrant Daphne, of which last the Levant possesses 

 many charming species — It contains of Geranice ? Tropaso- 

 him ; of Melastotnacete, Osbeckia, Rhexia ; of Onagraria;, 

 *aDnothera, Gaura, *Epilobium ; of Salicarix, Grislea, 

 Lawsonia ; of Melanihacm, Roxburghia ; of Tremcindreas, 

 Tetratheca; of Myrtacae, Jambolifera; of Diosmeae, 

 Corroea, Boronia ; of Sanatece, Alimusops ; of Savindi, 

 Omitrophe, Dimocarpus, Melicocca, Blighia, Ephielis, Koel- 

 reuteria ? of Melitt, Guarea; of Terebintacea, Amyris ; Do- 

 donaea ? of Aurantuc, Ximenia; of Sanialaceoe, Fuchsia, 

 IMemecylon ; of Myrtacea, Baeckia; of GeiifiaJi«E, *Chlora; of 

 Campaiiiilacece, INIiehauxia ; of Papaveracete, .TefFersonia ; of 

 Ericea;, *Oxvcoccus, Calluna, *Enca ; of RJtodoracece, *Men- 

 ziesia ; of Tliymeleic, Lagetta, *Daphne, Dirca, Gnidia, Slei. 

 lera, Passerina, Lachntea. 41 Gen. 163 Sp. 



2. Digynia has a few plants, but little known ; among them 

 are Galena africana, and Mochringia muscosa. The former 

 belongs to Chenopodea, Jind the latter to Caryophyllea. 



2 Gen. 2 Sp. 



3. Trigyma. Polygonum is a genus whose species difTer in 

 the number of their stamens and styles, and yet none can 

 be more natural. Here therefore the Llnnsean system claims 

 our indulgence. Paullinia and Cardiospenmim are more con- 

 stant It contains of Polygnne/^, *Polygonum, Coccoloba ; 



of Sapindi, Paullinia, Seriana, Cardiospermum, Sapindus. 



6 (len. 50 Sp. 



4. Tctragynia. Here we find the curious Parts and Adora — 

 It contains of Semiiervivos, Calanchoe, Bryophyllum ; of 

 Smilacae, *Paris ; of Saxifragex, *Adoxa ; of Caryophyllac, 

 Elatine; of Ona^ran>, Haloragis ; of Urifcat, Forskohlea. 



7 Gen. 10 Sp. 



Class IX. Enneandria. Stamens 9. Orders o. 



1. Monogynia. Here we find the precious genus Lnurus, in- 

 cluding the Cinnamon, Bay, Sassaftas, Camphor, and many 

 other noble plants. — It contains of Lauriiut:, Laurus ; of 

 Terebiniaccte, Anacardium ; of Polygonece, Eriogonum. 



3 Gen. 20 Sp. 



2. Trigyitia. It contains of Polygonea, Rheum. 1 Gen. 

 7 Sp. 



3. Hexagynia. Containing of Bidotneig, * Butomus. 1 Gen. 

 1 Sp. 



Class X. Decandria. Stamens 10. Orders 5. 



1. Monogynia. A numerous and fine assemblage, beginning 

 with a tribe of flowers more or less correctly papilionaceous 



and leguminous It contains of Leguminosw, Edwardsia, 



Sophora, Ormosia, Anagvris, Thermopsis, Virgilia, Cyclopia, 

 Baptisia, Podalyria, Chorizema, Podolobium, Oxylobium, 

 Callistachys, Brachysema, Gompholobium, Burtonia, Jack- 

 sonia, V^irninaria, Sphaerolobium, Aotus, DiUwynia, Eutaxia, 

 Sclerothamnus, Gastrolobium, Euchilus, Pultenaea, Davie- 

 sia, MirbeUa, Cercis, Bauhinia, Hymenoea, Cynometra, 

 Cassia, Cathartocarpus, Parkinsonia, Poinciana, Caesalpmia, 

 Guilandina, Hyperanthera, Hoffmanseggia, Adenanthera, 

 Cadia, Prosopis," Haematoxylon, Copaifera, Schotia ; of Ru- 

 tacae, Guaiacum, Zygophyllum, Fagoivia, Tribulus, Dictam- 

 nus, Ruta ; of Diosmccs Crowea ; of Solanacae, Codon ; of 



Ericece, Monotropa; of Broseraceco, Dioneea ; of 



Garuga ; of Samydece, Samyda ; of Guttiferoe, Gomphia ; of 

 MagnoUte f Quassia ; of Aurantite, Limonia, Murraya, Cookia ; 

 of },Ialpigh{ace<e, Gaertnera; of Melicc, Trichilia, Ekebergia, 

 Heynea, Melia, S wietenia ; of Onagrarice, J ussieua ; of Cum- 

 hretacew, Getonia, QuisquaUs ; of Thyiiutew, Dais ; of Mela- 

 stomarece, Melastoma ; of Salicaria, Acisanthera ; of JUwdora- 

 B&e, Kalmia, Ledum, Rhodora, *Rhododendron, EpigsBa; 

 of Ericete, *Vaccinium, *Andromeda, Enkianthus, Gaul- 

 theria, *Arbutus, Clethra, Mylocaryum, *Pyrola, Chima- 

 phila ; of Sanfalacew, Bucida ; of Sdpotea ? Inocarpus ; of 

 Ehenacece, Styrax. 92 Gen. 4 13 Sp. 



2. Digynia. Here we find Sajcifraga, remarkable for having 

 the germen inferior, half inferior, and superior, in different 



species It contains of Ebenaceis, Royena ; of Potiulacece, 



Trianthema, Scleranthus ; of Ciinoniacecc, Cunonia ; of Sajci- 

 frageic; Hydrangea, * Chrysosplenium, * Saxifraga, Tiarella, 

 Mitella; of CarijophyUew, G\-psophila, * Saponaria, * Di- 

 anthus. 12 Gen.' 160 Sp. 



3. Trigi/nia. Contains of Carynpkyllece, * Cucubalus, * Silene, 



* Stcllaria, * Arenaria, * Cherleria ; of Polygonece, Brun- 

 nichia ; of Raniinculacece, Garidella ; of Mulpighiacecc, I\Ial- 

 pighia, Banisteria ? 9 Gen. 158 Sp. 



4. Peniagynia. Containing of f'erebiidaccce ? Averrhoa ; Spon- 

 dias; of Seinpervivce, * Cotyledon, *Sedum, Penthorum ; 

 of Geranice f Grielum, * Oxalis ; of Caryophyllece, 



* Agrostemma, * Lychnis, * Cerastium, * Spergula. 1 Gen. 

 6 Sp. 



6. Di'cagynia. Containing of Clienopodem, Phytolacca. 11 Gen. 

 164 Sp. 



Class XI. Dodecjndria. Stamens 12 to 19. Orders 6. 



1. Moitngynia. A rather numerous and very various order, 

 with scarcely any natural affinity between the genera. Some 

 of tliein have twelve, others fifteen or more stamens, which 

 should be mentioned in their characters — It contains of • 

 Aristiilnchiie, * jVsarum ; of Papaveracece, Bocconia; of Sa- 

 piite c, Bassia ; of Melastonuicecn, Blakea ; of Rhodoraceie, Be- 

 jaria ; of Guttifera-, Garcinia ; of Ebenacece, Halesia ; of 

 MyrlaceiE, Decumaria ; of RItamnece, Aristotelia; of Melue, 

 Canella ; of Cnpparidea:, Crata;va ; of Tiliacetc, Triumfetta ; 

 of Ritfaceus, Pc'ganum ; of Ericece ? Hudsonia ; of Ficoidem, 

 Nitraria; of Porttilaccce, Portulaca, Talinum, Anacamp- 

 seros ; of Salicaritr, * Lvthrum, Cuphea j of Mcdvaccce, 

 Kleinhofia. 22 Gen. 51 Sp. 



2. Digynia. Containing of Ciinoniaceiv, CalUcoma ; of Til fc.r, 

 HeJiocarpus; of Rosacea-, *Agrimonia. 5 Gen. S Sp. 



3. Trigynia. Containing of Cappiiridexu f * Reseda; of Eu- 

 plwrbui; * Euphorbia; of Ehcnacea:, ^'isnea. 3 Gen. 

 139 Sp. 



4. Tctragynia. Containing of Polygonem, Calligonum. 1 Gen. 

 1 Sp. 



5. Peniagynia. Containing of Ficoidece, Glinus. 1 Gen. 1 Pp. 



6. Dodecagynia. Containing of Sempervivie, *Sempervivuin. 

 1 Gen. 17 Sp. 



Class XII. Icasandria. Stamens 20 or more, inserted into 

 theCalj-x. Orders 3. 



1. Monogynia consists of fine trees, bearing for the most part 

 stone-firuits, as the Peach, Plum, Cherry, &c. though the 

 leaves and other parts are bitter, acrid, and sometimes very 

 dangerous, owing to a peculiar essential oil, known by its 

 bitter-almond flavor. The ;AIyrtle tribe, so plentiful in New 

 Holland, is another natural order, comprehended chiefly 

 under Icosandria Mono^nia, abounding in a fragrant and 

 ■wholesome aromatic oil. — It contauis of Cadi, Cactus, 

 Rhipsalis ; of Loasece, Bartonia ; of Myrlacece, Philadelphus, 

 Leptospermum, Fabricia, Jletrosideros, Psidium, Eugenia, 

 Caryophyllus, Ulyrtus, Calyptranthes, Eucalyjjtus, Punica; 

 of Rosacece, Amvgdalus, * Pruuus, Armeniaca, Chryso- 

 balanus. IS Gen. 178 Sp. 



2. Di-Pentaoynia. In this order it is most conrenient to in- 

 clude sucli plants as have fiom two to five stvles, and 

 occasionally, from accidental luxuriance only, one or two 

 more. Pyrus is an example of it. Spiraea stands here, 

 most of its species havin" five styles, though some have a 

 much greater number. Here is Mesembryanthemum, a vast 

 and brilliant exotic genus, of a succulent habit, abound- 

 ing in alkaline salt — It contains of Rosacea; M'aldsteinia, 

 * Mespilus, * Pyrus, * Cydonia, * Spiraea ; of Ficoidear, 

 Sesuvium, Terragonia, lilesembryanthemum, Aizoon. 9 

 Gen. 503 Sp. 



3. Polygynia. An entirely natural order of genuine Rosaceous 

 flowers. Here we find" Rosa, Rubus, Fragaria, PotentUUt, 

 TormentiUa, Geum, Dryas, and Comarum, all elegant plants, 

 agreeing in the astringent qualities of their roots, bark and 

 foliage, and in their generally eatable, always umocent fVuit. 

 The'vegetable kingdom does' not afford a more satisfactory 

 example of a natural order, composed of natural genera, 

 than this ; and Linn^us has well illustrated it in the Flora 



Lapponica It contains of Rosacea; *Roia, *Rubus, Dali- 



oarda, *Fragaria, *Comarum, *Potentilla, *Tormentilla, 

 *Geum, *Dryas, Calycanthus. 10 Gen. 2 10 Sp. 



Class XIII. Polyamlria. Stamens numerous, inserted into 

 the Receptacle. Orders 5. 



1. Monogynia. The genera of this order form a numerous 

 and various assemblage of handsome plants, but many are 

 of a suspected quality. Among them are the Poppv, the 

 Caper-shrub, the Sanguinaria canadensis, remarkable for its 

 orange juice, like our Celandine ; also the beautiful genus 

 Cistiis, with its copious but short-lived flowers, some of 

 ■which have irritable stamens ; and the splendid aquatic 

 tribe of Nymplma — It contains of Capparideac, Capparis ; 

 IVIarcgravia ? of Rammculaceoe, *ActSEa ; of Panaieraceie, 

 Sanguinaria, Podophyllum, * Chelidomum, * Glaucium, 



*Papaver, Argemone ; of SaiTacenia ; of 



Nymphceacece, *Nymph3ea, Nuphar, Euryale ; of Tiliacece, 

 Bixa, Sloanea, Aubletia, Sparmannia, Muntingia, Grewia. 

 *Tilia, Corchorus ; of Guttifera; Grias, Calophyllum, Mam- 

 mea, Ochna, Elaeocarpus ; of Myrtacea, Alangium ; of io ■ 

 asea; Mentzelia ; of Salicariw, Lagerstroemia ; of Aurantucy 

 ^gle ; of Cisti, Cistus, *Helianthemum. 32 Gen. 161 Sp. 



2. Digynia. Containing of iJu/!0»iiace(E, Bauera ; of Ameniacete, 

 Fothergilla ; of Magnolite ? Curatella ; of Ranunculacea, 

 Paeonia. 4 Gen. 21 Sp. 



3. Trigynia. Containing of DjV/e/n'aceffi, Hibbertia ; of Ranun- 

 culucete, -Jf Delphinium, Aconitum. 3 Gen. 36 Sp. 



4. Peniagynia. Contauiing of Ranuncnlacece, Cimicifiica, 

 *Aquilegia, Nigella ; of Ficoirfeip, Reaumuria. 4 Gen. 18 Sp. 



5. Polygynia. An order for the most part naturad, compre- 

 hending some fine exotic trees, as Dilknia, Liriodendron, the 

 Tulip-tree, the noble Magnolia, &o. To these succeed a 

 family of plants, either herbaceous or climbmg, of great 

 elegance, but of acrid and dangerous qualities, as Anemone, 

 in a single state the most lovely, in a double one the most 

 splendid oniament of our parterres in the spring ; Atragene 

 and Clematis, so gi-aceful for bowers; Thalidrvm, Adonis, 

 Ranunculus, Trollius, Hellehorns and Caltha, all conspicuous 

 in our gardens or meadows, which, with a few less familiar, 

 close this class — It contains of Nymphceacece, Nelumbium ; 

 of DiUeniacece, DUlenia; Magnoliacea, Liriodendron, Mag- 

 nolia, Miehelia; of Annoni, Uvaria, lUiciuni, Annona, 

 Porcelia, Xylopia ; of Ramtnculace(g,*ile\i3Xica, * Anemone, 



*Piilsatilla, Atragene, *Clematis, *Thalictrum, *Adonis, 

 Knowltonia, *Ficaria, *Ranunculus, *TroUius, Isopyrura, 

 Eranthis, *Helleborus, Coptis, *Caltha, Hvdropeltis, Hy- 

 drastis. 28 Gen. 185 Sp. 



Class XIV. Didynamia. Stamens 2 long and 2 short. Or- 

 ders 2, each on the whole very natural. 



1. Gymnospermia. Seeds naked, in the" bottom of the cah-x, 

 four, except in Phryma, wMch has a solitary seed. Corolla 

 monopetalous and irregular, a little inflated at the base, and 

 holding honey, without any particular nectary. Stamens in 

 two pairs, incurved, with the style between 'them, so that 

 the impregnation rarely fails. The plants of this order are 

 mostly aromatic, and none, we beheve, poisonous. The 

 calyx is either in five neariy equal segments, or two-lipped. 

 Most of the genera afford excellent essential characters, 

 taken frequently from the corolla, or from some other part. 

 — It contains of Labiaia, ■*Ajuga, Anisomeles, *Teucrium, 

 "Westringia, Satureja, Thymbra, Hyssopus, Pycnanthemum, 

 ■* Nepeta, Elsholtzia, Lavandula," Sideritis," Bvstropogon, 

 ■*Mentha, Perilla, Hyptis, Lepechinia, *Glechoma, *La- 

 mium, *Galeopsis, *Galeobdolon, * Betonica, *Stachys, 

 *Ballota, *Marrubium, *Leonurus, Phlomis, Leucas, Le- 

 onotis, MolucceUa, *Clinopodiuin, *Origanum, *Thymus, 

 Acynos, Calamintha, Melissa, Dracocephalum, *Melittis, 

 Ocymum, Plectranthus, Trichostema, Prostanthera, ■*Scu- 

 tellaria, *PruneIla, Cleonia, Prasium, Plu^ma; of Verbe- 

 benacete, Selago. 48 Gen. 279 Sp. 



