208 



SCIENCE OF GARDENING. 



Part 11. 



Europe. 



Asia. 



Continent. 





Continent. 





S. of Europe - 



659 



East Indies - 



826 



Spain 



266 



Siberia - 



364 



Italy - 



202 





213 



Hungary - 



173 



China 



205 



Austria - 



171 



Caucasus - 



67 



Germany - - 



134 



Persia - 



37 



Switzerland - 



117 



Japan - 



36 



France - 



103 



Syria - - 



19 



Various other") 

 Parts - J 



446 



Various other") 

 Parts - S 



82 



Islands. 





Islands. 





Madeira - 



75 



New So. Wales 



239 



Candia 



66 



New Holland 



152 



Other Islands - 



S52 



Ceylon 



31 



Britain - 



1400 



VanDieman's") 









Land - 3 



21 







Other Islands 





Africa. 



Continent. 

 Cape of Good7 , 

 Hope - j- 

 Barbary - 

 Eg>Tt - - 

 Morocco - 

 Sierra Leone - 

 Guinea - 

 Abyssinia - 

 Algiers 



Various other^ 



Parts 



Islands. 

 Canaries - - 

 Teneriffe - 

 St. Helena 

 Cape Verde 1 

 Islands - ' 



\xMERICA. 



S. Continent. 

 Mexico - 

 Peru . - - 

 Brazil 

 Guinea - 

 Vera Cruz 

 Caraccas - 

 Chili 



Buenos Ayres 

 Various other' 

 Places 



S. Islands. 

 Cayenne - 

 Falkland 



Islands 

 Terra del 



Fuego 



- ] 



1 N. Continent 

 102 1 United States 1222 

 77 Carolina - 

 74 Virginia - 

 33 i Canada - 

 22 j Missouri 

 21 Louisiana 

 29 Georgia - 

 8 Florida - 

 Other Parts 

 of British 

 America and 

 the United 

 States - - 



275 



111 



European plants in the artificial Flora of Britain 

 Asiatic . . - - . 

 African . . . . . 

 South America . . - . 



North America . . . - 



Native countries unknown . _ . 



N. Islands. 

 West Indies - 

 Jamaica - 

 Bahamas - - 

 Other Islands 



- 4169 



- 2365 



- 644 



- 2333 



- 970 



13,140 



984. With respect to the dates of the iyitroduction of the exotics from those different 

 countries, the dates of the introduction of none are known before the time of Gerard, in 

 Henry VIII. 's reign. From this author and Trew, it appears that 47 species were intro- 

 duced on or before 1548, including the apricot, fig, pomegranate, &c. Those previously 

 introduced, of which the dates are unknown, may be considered as left here by the Ro- 

 mans, or afterwards brought over from France, Italy, and Spain, by the ecclesiastics, and 

 preserved in the gardens of the religious houses. Henry died in 1547 ; but the plants in- 

 troduced in the year after his death, may be considered as properly belonging to his reign. 



182 plants, chiefly through the 



Eihv. VI. ] Ml to 1553. During this troublous reign, only 

 seven exotic species were added to the British garden, chiefly 

 by Dr. Turner, director of the Duke of Somerset's (then Lord 

 Protector) garden at Zion House. 



Mary. 1353 to 1558. Xo plants introduced. 



Elizabeth. 1558 to ICO". 553 species were introduced during 

 this reign. Of these, 'iSS are enumerated in the first edition of 

 Gerard's Herbal, published 1557. Drake's voyage round the 

 world, Raleigh's discoveries in North America, and the con- 

 sequent introduction of ths tobacco and potatoe, took place 

 during this reign. 



James I. 1603 to 1625. Only 20 plants introduced during 

 this period. 



Charles 1. 1625 to 1649. 331 plants introduced, which are 

 chiefly mentioned by Parkmson, the first edition of whose 

 •work was published in 1629. Parkinson was the king's herbalist, 

 and Tradescant his kitchen -gardener. A tciste for plants began 

 to appear among the higher classes during this reign ; various 

 private gentlemen had 'botanic gardens; and several London 

 merchants procured seeds and plants for Lobel, Johnston, and 

 Parkinson, through their foreign correspondents. 



O. a)id R. Cromwell. 1649 to 1658. 95 plants introduced by 

 the same means as before. Cromwell encouraged agriculture ; 

 but the part he acted left no leisure for any description of 

 elegant or refined enjovment. 



Charles II. 1660 to 1685. 152 plants introduced, chiefly 

 mentioned by Ray, Morrison, and different writers in the 

 Transactions of the Royal Society, founded in 1663. The 

 Oxford and Chelsea gardens were founded, or enlarged, during 

 tliis reign. Sir Hans Sloane and Evelju flourished. Many 

 native plants were now brought into notice by Ray and 

 Willoughby. 



James II. 1685 to 1688. 44 plants introduced. 



William Marij. 1688 to 1702. 298 species introduced, 

 chiefly from the AVest Indies, and through Sir Hans Sloane 

 and the Chelsea garden. Plunkenet succeeded Parkinson as 

 royal herbalist during this reign ; and botanists were sent 

 from England, for the first time, to explore foreign countries. 

 As in the two former reigns, great additions were now made 

 to the indigenous Flora, by Ray, Sibbald, Johnson, and 

 others. Many of the 50 species annually presented to the 

 Royal Society were natives. 



Anne. 1702 to 1714. 230 plants in great part from the 

 East and West Indies, and through the Chehea garden. 



George I. 1714 to 1727. 

 Chelsea garden. 



George II. 1727 to 1760. 1770 plants, almost entu-elj 

 through the Chelsea garden, now in its zenith of fame under 

 Miller. 375 of these plants are stated as introduced in 1730 

 and 1731, the latter being the year in which the first folio 

 edition of the Gardeners' and Botanists' Dictionary appeared. 

 239 in 1759, in which year the 4th edition of the same work 

 appealed. 196 in 1752, and above 400 in 1758 and 1759, 

 when subsequent editions were published. In the last, in 

 1763, the mmnber of plants cultivatid in England is stated to 

 be more thsin double the number contained in the edition of 

 1731. 



Georee III. 1760 to 1817. 6756 plants introduced, or con- 

 siderably above half the whole number of exotic> now i- ilie 

 gardens'of this country. This is to be accounted for from the 

 general progress of civilisation, and the great extension of 

 British power and influence in every quarter of the world; 

 especially in the East Indies, at -the Cape of Good Hope, and 

 New South Wales. The increasing liberality of intercourse 

 which now obtained among the learned of all countries, 

 must also be taken into account, by wliich, notwithstanding 

 the existence of political ditterences, peace reigned and com- 

 merce flourished in the world of science. George III. may 

 also be said to have encouraged botany, aided by the advice, 

 assistance, and unwearied efibits of that'distinguished patron of 

 science. Sir Joseph Banks ; and the garden of Kew, and its late 

 curator, Alton, became the Chelsea garden, and the Miller of 

 this reign. Blost of the new plants were sent there, and first de- 

 scribed in the Hort'fs Kervensis. The next greatest numbers were 

 procured by the activity of the London nurserjmen, especially 

 Lee and Loddiges, and described in the Botanical Magazine ; 

 Andrew's Heathery ; the Botanical Register ; Loddiges* Cabi- 

 net, and other works. The greatest number of plants intro- 

 duced in any one yeax, during this period, is 536, in 1800, chiefly 

 heaths and proteas from the Cape of Good Hope, taken from 

 the Dutch in 1795. The following are the numbers annually 

 introduced since that period : — 



1801. 



116 



1805. 



- 169 



1809. 



- 48 



181,-. 



- 42 



1802. 



169 



1806. 



- 224 



1810. 



- 68 



1814. 



- 44 



1803. 



267 



1S07. 



- 61 



1811. 



- 149 



1815. 



- 192 



1804. 



299 



1808. 



- 52 



1812. 



- 316 



1816. 



- 301 



Annual Average of 17 years, ending 1816, 156 species. 



985. With respect to the obvious character of the artificial Flora, 350 species are hardy 

 trees or shrubs ; of these 270 are trees above 10, and 100 trees above 30 feet high. Of 

 these, the larch, spruce fi^r, silver fir, and Lombardy poplar, sometimes attain the height 

 of 100 feet. Above 400 species are hardy grasses. Of the tender exotics, the greater 

 number are trees or shrubs, and the next greatest number annuals and bulbs. The 

 colors of the blossoms are generally rich and vivid in proportion to the warmth of the 

 climate of which the plants are natives. 



986. In regard to systematic and horticultural distribution, the following Table gives a 

 combined view of the whole, arranged according to the .Linncean system, and also according 

 to their habitation in the garden. 



