268 



SCIENCE OF GARDENING. 



PAax XL 



BOOK III. 



MECHANICAL AGENTS EMPLOYED IN GARDENING. 



1293. Having considered the nature of vegetables, and the nature of the materials by 

 which their culture or improvement is effected by art, the next step is to consider the 

 means by which art is applied in the pj'actice of cultivation. In general it may be ob- 

 served, that every change effected in the circumstances of materials, either consists in, 

 or must be preceded by, a mechanical change in their position. To effect mechanical 

 changes, the fundamental engine is the human frame; but its agency is essentially in- 

 creased by the use of certain implements, utensils, machines, and buildings. The 

 primary implements of gardening, as an art of culture, would necessarily be confined to 

 a few tools for stirring the ground, and one or two instruments for pruning trees or 

 gathering crops. But in the present state of the art, both the number and kind of agents 

 are greatly extended and diversified. There are tools, instruments, and machines for 

 culture, as the spade, knife, and water-engine ; for beautifying scenery, as the broom, 

 scythe, and roller ; utensils for portable habitations of plants, or conveying materials, as 

 pots and baskets ; structures for culture, as glass frames, hot-houses, and awnings ; and 

 buildings for use, convenience, or decoration, as tool-houses, arbors, and obelisks. The 

 whole may be included under implements, structures, and edifices, as in the following 

 Table: — 



Implements 



rLever. 



Pick. 

 I Spade. 

 'I Shovel. 



Fork. 



Dibber. 

 LPlanter's hack. 



Planter's trowel. 



Pleinter's pick-ax& 



Garden-trowel. 



Transplanter. 



Hoe. 



Rake. 



Turf-raser. 



Turf- beetle. 

 Turf-scraper. 

 AVeeder. 

 Besom. 



I mplement-cleaner. 



("Of operation 



Of direction - 

 Of designation 



TGarden-knife. 

 1 Garden-chisel. 

 \ Pruning-bill. 

 I Forest-axe. 

 LPruning-sav. 



ATerruncator. 



Shears. 



Scythe. 



Scarifiers. 



Barking-irons. 



Hammer. 

 Pincers. 

 Fruit-gatherers. 

 Climbing-spurs. 



f Garden-line. 

 < Ground-measure. 

 (^Timber-measure. 



Ground 

 Boming-piece. 



Staff. 



Straight-edge. 

 Stake. 



f Notch numbering-stick. 

 \ Written number-stick. 



rOf preparation f Screens, 

 and dqiortation \ Sieves. 



Basket. 

 Packing-case. 



fPots. 



1 A\'ater-saucers. 



I Of protection or I Cover, 

 modification IShade^ 



Watering-pot. 

 Sj-ringe. 



^ modification 

 l_For vermin • 



Birdtrap-cage. 



AV'asp and fly trap. 



( Barrow. 



S A\'atering enmne. 

 (.Roller. 



Tree-transpkmter. 

 Seed-separater. 



Engines of destruction. Engines of alarm or snjires Living 

 Registering thermometer Alarum thermometer. Regulating thermometer. 



1 For vermin 

 \_Foi regulation 



, y Temporary coping. 



rOf adaptation S Horizon ta! shelter. 



<- Netting screen. 



Garden-hurdle. 

 Moveable edging. 



Protecting bag. 

 Shoe-scraper. 



Of manufacture | Canvass. 



LGauiie. 



Of preparatio 



■\\'all-tree lists. 



XProDs. 

 t-Tie^. 



Various articles. 



Portable or moveable 



/The flower-stage. 



L Opaque covering-frame. 



Glazed frame or sash. 

 Glass ca-se. 



Hotbed-fiame. 



Partly moveable - - - 



Pit. 



Adapted frame- 









"Wall. 



Espalier rail. 





Permanait • 





Hot-house. 



Mushroom-house. 



Cold house. 



"Economical 





f Head gardener's dwelling- 

 ) house. 



T Official or administrative 

 ( apartment. 



Peed-room. 

 Fruit-room. 

 Under-gardener's lodgi 



Entrance-lodge and gate. 

 Building for raising water 

 e. Reservoir. 



Anomalous 





Ice-house. 



Apiary. 



Aviary. 





TJsefiil - - 



f Cottage. 

 1 Bridge. 



Boat. 

 Sepulchre. 



Gate. 

 Fence. 



Decorative - 



Convenient 



rProspect-tower. 



Temple. 

 J Porch. 

 i Portico. 

 1 Arbor. 

 [Cave. 



Cavern. 

 Grotto. 

 Roofed seat. 

 Exiwsed seat. 

 Swing. 



Waterfall. 

 Cascade. 

 Jet or spout. 

 Sun-dial. 

 Vane. 





Characteristic 



TRocks. 

 < Ruins. 

 (.Antiquities. 



Rarities. 



Monuments. 



Statues. 



A'cgetable sciUptures, 



Inscriptions. 



Eye traps. 



