Booit III. BUILDINGS FOR RAISING WATER* 



937 



masters can expect any good service from men treated worse than horses, it k difftcuh to 

 imagine ; but the case is ten-fold worse, when head-gardeners and their famib'es are com- 

 pelled to lodge in these shed-houses. Independently of filth and incommodiousness, the 

 mother never fails to contract, early in life, rheumatism or ague ; and it is only the ex- 

 treme healthfulness of the employment of gardening, and the consequent vigor of the 

 operatives, that ward off till a later day the same and similar diseases in the fatliers and 

 journeymen. . 



1 708- As a general arrangement of a gardener s house, office, and other appendages, the 

 house may form a centre ; the office, seed and fruit apartments, cellar, and garrets, one 

 wing ; and the lodge for under-gardeners, tool-house, &c. the other. 



1709. A line of sheds is generally placed behind the range of hot-houses, or be- 

 hind the hot-wall, or other high wall of the garden. These are used as stores, or places 

 of reserve for utensils, machines and implements, and for working-sheds. The width 

 and height of this line of sheds is necessarily regulated by tlie height of tlie wall. The 

 roof of tlie shed being towards the north, and therefore witliout the advantage of the sun 

 to dry it after rains, should not make an angle of less tlian 40° degrees with the horizon, 

 and as the lower wall or line of props ought, at least, to be seven feet high above the 

 level of the floor of the shed, the width is guided accordingly, x^ll the fitting up requi- 

 site for the part destined to hold materials, is a few hooks and projecting pins for ladders, 

 &c« and a sound floor, either paved or prepared with mortar, Roman cement, and scoria ; 

 and the whole, or the greater part of the division may have props or piers in front, in- 

 stead of a wall and Avindows. As these sheds generally contain tlie hot-house furnaces, 

 each of these, or every pair or group of tliem, ought to be enclosed with a low parapet to 

 retain the fuel, give an orderly and neat appearance, and guard against accidents by fire, 

 which might communicate with mats, litter, &c. Doors generally communicate with the 

 hot-houses at different points, and near to each of tliese should be a bench or table on 

 which to set or shift pots, &c. 



1710. The jyart of these sheds more particularly set apart for working, ought to be en - 

 closed with a wall on all sides, and warmed by a fire-place or flue. It ought to be made 

 perfectly light, and well aired by having numerous windows, and along these a range of 

 benches or tables, for potting cuttings or bulbs, sowing seeds, preparing cuttings, num- 

 ber-tallies, painting and naming them, preparing props for plants, hooks for layers, lists 

 for wall-trees, making baskets, wattled hurdles, and a great variety of other operations 

 performed in winter, or severe weather, when little or nothing can be done in the open 

 air. It may by some be thought too great a refinement to place a fire-place or a flue 

 in such sheds ; but if work is really expected to be done in them in cold weather, the 

 saving will soon be rendered obvious. 



1711. In small gardens, where there are no hot-houses, one small building is generally 

 devoted to all the purposes for which the ofBce, seed, tool, and fruit rooms, and working- 

 sheds, are used. This should be fitted up with some degree of attention to the various 

 uses for which it is designed, and a fire-place never omitted. 



1712. Entrance lodges and gates more properly belong to architecture than gardening. 

 But, as in small places, they are sometimes designed by the garden-architect, or land- 

 scape-gardener, a few remarks may be of use. In respect to style, the lodge ought al- 

 ways to bear as much analogy as possible to the mansion. If the one is Grecian, so 

 ■should the other ; but the lodge should display less decoration, because, as the mind na- 

 turally ascends from the less to the greater, the lodge would otherwise prove a false index 

 to the mansion. In regard to general form, a cubic mass with a central chimney, is an 

 unvaried comfortless-looking dwelling, especially when small. It is an attempt to form 

 a whole without composing it of parts. A lodge, however small, to be a picturesque ob- 

 ject, ought to contain a principal and subordinate mass or masses, and in the composition 

 of which, the gate and piers may form one gradation. In respect to accommodations for 

 the occupier, it ought never to contain less than three apartments — a kitchen or living- 

 room, back kitchen, and sleeping-room, with the usual conveniencies ; and, at least, two 

 sleeping-rooms where there are children. A handsome architectural entrance is but a 

 poor compensation for its want of harmony with the mansion, of which that at Sion- 

 House is an instance, and that at Blenheim of the contrary. But architects, like all of 

 us, are sometimes so wrapt up in their art, or their favorite part of it, tJiat they forget 

 that congruity of parts is essential to the unity of the whole. 



1713. Buildings for raising water. There are various contrivances fqr procurin"- 

 water in garden-scenery, where it is not found in springs, rills, or lakes ; and where it is 

 found, of collecting and retaining it. The principal of these are wells, conduit-pipes or 

 drains, and reservoirs. 



Wells are vertical excavations in the earth ; always of such a depth as to penetrate a porous stratum 

 charged with wgter, and mostly as much deeper as to form a reservoir in this stratum or in that 

 beneath it. A well otherwise excavated is a mere tank for the water which may ooze into it from 

 the surface strata. The form of the well is generally circular, and to prevent the crumbling down or 

 falling in of the sides, this circle is lined with timber, masonry, or zones of metal. The earthy ma- 



