Book I. 



GARDENS OF SCOTLAND. 



1087 



7617. I'he principal commercial gardens lie around tlie capital; taken altogether they 

 occupy about 530 acres, of which 130 are employed as nursery grounds by seven or 

 eight individuals, who hold from fifty to four acres each. The four hundred acres of 

 market garden-ground are cultivated by nearly eighty gardeners, in holdings of from 

 half an acre to about twenty acres each. There are market-gardens in almost every 

 county, and the total extent of ground occupied as nurseries in the kingdom is esti- 

 mated at 700 acres. Some of these nurseries raise and dispose annually of ten or twelve 

 millions of seedling and transplanted forest trees. Previous to 1 760, when the taste 

 for planting and rural embellishment in Scotland began to increase, there were not 

 above six nurseries in Scotland ; and these, taken together, did not occupy above sixty 

 or seventy acres. In 1812, one house in Edinbuigh shipped upwards of two million 

 of seedlings, chiefly larch and spruce fir, Scotch pine, birch, elm, ash, alder, and 

 hawthorns. 



7618. MIDLOTHIAN. A suriace of 230,400 acres, varied by inequalities, and in some places by 

 hills. Round Edinburgh are some neat suburban cottage and villa gardens, some good market- 

 gardens, three extensive nurseries, and a botanic garden. The Caledonian Horticultural Society, and 

 also the Caledonian Gardener's Lodge, is held in the capital. There is a market for culinary produc- 

 tions and the common fruits ; and it is in contemplation to establish one for ornamental plants in pots 

 and flowers. 



Public Promenade — Holyrood Park is a piece of ^ound of 

 moderate extent, adjoining the palace of Holyrood. Tlie hill 

 of Arthur's Seat, and adjoining inequalities and valleys, contain 

 upwards of 400 species of plants, and a great variety of mineral 

 productions, with varied and extensive views and prospects. 

 (See 7317.) 



The Edinburgh Botanic Garden, — as it existed till lately, 

 contained five statute acres, of a varied surface, and properly 

 situated to the north of the road which leads past it. It 

 was founded by Sir A. Balfour about 1680 ; removed from 

 Its original to its late site under the auspices of Dr Hope in 

 17G7, and is now (1821) removing to a more extensive area, 

 tmder the superintendence of the present professor, Graham, 

 and his able garden-curator, M'Nab- This site contains 16 

 acres; and will display extensive hot-houses, and both a Lin- 

 naean and Jussieuean arrangement. 



Market Gardens. — Few ot these, of any extent, are known 

 to have existed previously to 1746. At that time Henry 

 Prentice cultivated peas, potatoes, turnips, and other culinary 

 articles, on an extensive scale: before his time, the supply 

 was limited to what could be carried in baskets. Next to 

 Prentice, Thomas Peacock may be mentioned as an extensive 

 grower about 1750; and his successor, who now occupies 

 about twenty acres, produces at this time the best asparagus, 

 cauliflOjWer, and celery, sent to market. Ross's garden is 

 about the same extent ; the rest are considerably smaller. 

 Besides culinary herbs, most of these grounds are stocked with 

 standard fruit-trees ; and since the custom of making British 

 wines became so fashionable as it now is in Scotlcuid, great 

 part is occupied with currants, gooseberries, and rasp- 

 berries. Strawberries are grown to greater perfection than 

 probably anywhere else iia Britain, at Roslin, on the banks 

 of the E.sk. 



Orchards. — There are but few of these in this county, and 

 those are chiefly near Laswade and Dalkeith. Edinburgh 

 market is supplied with fruit from the standard trees in the 

 market-gardens, and from such private gardens as are let to 

 commercial gardeners by their occupiers, on account of ab- 

 sence or otherwise. Tiiis is also the chief source of forced 

 and exotic fruits, as very few of the market-gardeners ven- 

 ture to build hot-houses. Fletcher, however, built a vinery, 

 and produces the best early grapes. 



Seed- Gardens — are unknown in Scotland. Some cabbage, 

 borecole, and leek seeds, are raised in the country ; hut 

 most garden-seeds are procured from London, and some from 

 Holland. 



Herb-Gardens There are one or two on a very small scale, 



in which peppermint is chiefly cultivated. 



The Lcilh Walk Nursery. — Mes.srs. Dickson and Shankley ; 

 a respectable establishment of nearly fifty years' standing, in 

 ■which every description of nursery article is propagated ac- 

 cording to the demand, and the whole kept in excellent order 

 and neatness. 



The Droughton or Adelphi Nursery (from AoeAiSof, a 

 brother), — Messrs. Dickson, brothers ; an extensive establish- 

 ment of nearly twenty years' standing, kept in good order. 



The Jock's Lodne Nursery, — Henderson and Co- ; an ex- 

 tensive establishment, judiciously managed. 



The Comely Bank Nursery, — Cunningham. This establish- 

 ment is conducted more on the plan ot the London nurseries 

 than any of the others. Flowers and tender exotics are cul- 

 tivated with success ; and mushrooms also in flat beds, in the 

 open garden, not covered either with mats or litter. They are 

 originated without planting spawn, on beds like what are 

 called lazy beds of potatoes ; but the details of the method the 

 mventor is said to decline making public. 



There are S07ne other nurseries, — but not of sufficient note to 

 require being particularised in our very limited space. 



Colder House, — near Mid-Calder ; Lord Torphichen. A 

 stately fabric, surrounded with very extensive plantations. 



Hattoti House, — near Calder ; — — Davidson, Esq. A ve- 

 nerable, ancient house, the grounds, containing 800 acres, 

 I ill lately exhibited one of the most jierfect specimens of the 

 old style in the county, or perhaps in Scotland; with artificial 



cascades, fountains, alcoves, terraces, and an excellent kitchen- 

 garden. They are supposed to have been laid out by London 

 and Wise, or some of their pupils, about the beginning of the 

 last century. 



Dalmahoy, — near Edinburgh ; Lord Morton. A good 

 house, in a park of between 400 and 500 acres, enclosed by a 

 well-built wall, and subdivided into lesser commodious en- 

 closures by strips of plantation. 



CoWn^io/) /foHie, — neai Edinburgh; Sir J. Foulis. A sub- 

 stantial house, in a commanding situation, embosomed in 

 wood. 



Dreghorn Castle, — near Edinburgh ; Trotter, Esq. A 



magnificent castle, in the Gothic style, commenced, and 

 the grounds much improved and planted; the mountainous 

 parts from designs by the celebrated landscape-painter, Ka- 

 smyth. 



Braid House, — near Edinburgh ; Gordon, Esq. A 



neat square house, placed in the bottom of a ravine, or nar 

 row glen, well wooded, and watered by a stream. 



Pcnnycuick House, — near Pennycuick ; Sir G. Clerk. A 

 handsome Grecian house, finely situated on a level lawn, on 

 the Esk ; the situation rendered interesting by a turn of the 

 river ; the ruins of a castle on its banks ; and the Pentland 

 hills in the distance. The kitchen-garden contains an exten- 

 sive range of hot-houses. 



Melville Castle, — near Laswade ; Lord Blelville. An ex- 

 tensive mansion, in the pseudo-iioihic style, in a romantic 

 situation on the Esk, and surrounded by high banks covered 

 with wood. 



Dalhousie Castle, — near Laswade ; Earl of Dalhousie. An 

 old castellated mansion, lately mcdei-nised ; surrounded by 

 extensive and romai^tic pleasure-grounds. The river Es^ 

 waslies the base of the castle ; and its lofty wooded banks 

 afford delightful summer walks. 



Ncwbuttle Abbey, — near Laswade ; Marquis of Lothian. A, 

 large modem building, with a lawn of thirty acres, and a 

 park beautifully varied, and well clothed with trees ; tha 

 kitchen-garden good, and well managed. 



X Dalkeith House, — near Dalkefth ; Duke of Euccleugh. 

 A building without pretensions to style, nobly founded on a 

 naked rock ; which, however, was earthed up about the be- 

 ginning of the last century. The park contains upwaids of 

 800 acres, surrounded by a stone wall nine feet high ; it is 

 magnificently wooded, and watered by two streams, the 

 North and South Esk, wliich pass near the house. The 

 kitchen-garden contains twelve acres, and is reckoned one of 

 the first in Scotlan'd : the hot-houses and flower-garden are 

 proportionately extensive. 



Morton Hall, — near Liberton ; Trotter, Esq. A massy 



stone fabric, on the south bank of a hill, surrounded by a 

 beautiful park. 



Buddingston House, — near Edinburgh ; Marquis of Aber- 

 corn. A handbome Grecian house, by Sir AV. Chalmers, an^ 

 the grounds by Kobinson, nephew to the royal gardener of 

 that name at Kensington. 1'hey are thus described in the 

 Beauties of Scotland. " This villa, with the pleasure-grounds 

 or park which have been annexed to it, exhibits an example of 

 all that money or art can do to adorn a nearly flat surface, 

 through which a small stream of water naturally runs ; clumps, 

 groves, canals, lakes, isles, cascades, temi>les, shrubbery, ser- 

 pentine walks, and spreading lawns. In every corner, art and 

 expense have been ostentatiously displayed, and nature is 

 evidently employed merely as her handmaid. Such a place 

 as this, however, has considerable beauty, and excites much 

 interest in a country like ficoiland, where bold natural scenery 

 so much abounds, by the striking contrast which it exhibits to 

 the general aspect of the surroimding territory." (Vol. i. 354.) 



Woodhouselee — near Roslin ; Tytler, Esq. A vener- 

 able and romantic house and grounds ; the latter remarkable 

 for containing the largest silver fir-tree in the county ; for a 

 fine terrace-walk, and superb holly-hedge. Some curious or- 

 naments, in the geometric style of gardening, which existed 

 here, were obliterated when the grounds were remodelled in 



7619. EAST LOTHIAN. A surface of 190,368 acres, little varied on the east side, but hilly and 

 mountainous towards the southern extremity. It is remarkable for the excellence of its agriculture ; 

 and it contains some good kitchen-gardens. There is a small nursery at Haddington ; and a number of 

 market-gardens in the county, of from half an acre to two and a half acres in extent, for local supply, and 

 for the supply of Edinburgh, and the shipping of Leith, and other sea-ports along the coast. There are 

 small orchards at Ormiston and Prestonkirk. 



North Berrvick House, — near North Berwick ; Six H. D. Ha- | of trees in the ancient style ; the object being to combine the 

 rnilton. A good house, surrounded by an extensive suite of en- general effect of a jpark as to wood and pasture, vith the utility 

 closures, subdivided by straight lines and strips, or double rows | and convenience of enclosures. 



