1156 



KALENDARIAL INDEX. 



Routine culture. "Weed, hoe, rake, stir the sur- 

 face, support climbers, regulate the shoots of 

 creepers, &c. Water and roll any new-laid gravel 

 to combine it properly with the rest. Dress, roll, 

 and mow lawns and turf in every form. Keep your 

 eyes open to every part of the grounds at this 

 season ; for now perfect neatness and the utmost 

 polish and high keeping is expected. Do not trust 

 to what you are told to do in kalendars, but think 

 for yourself: kalendars frequently make mere ma- 

 chines of gardeners ; for though man is a thinking 

 animal, yet he is also a lazy imitative animal, and 

 will not exert himself in any way, and not even 

 think, unless urged on by some strong motive. All 

 your faults will be discovered, sooner or later, and 

 rely on it you will receive a proportionate disgrace 

 from your neighbors or visitors ; if you are atten- 

 tive to your duty your merits will be discovered in 

 like manner, and you will receive appi'opriate 

 credit and reputation, which is your capital stock 

 in trade, on which you depend for your livelihood. 

 (2372.) 



9. Trees. — Nursery department. 



Fruit-trees. Begin budding during the last fort- 

 night. Look over all your newly grafted and all 

 other trees ; rub off superfluous, irregular, or ill 

 placed shoots and suckers, and tie weak grafts and 

 dangling shoots from budded stocks to neat stakes. 

 (2039.) 



Ornaynental trees and shrubs. Lay the summer 

 shoots of roses, hard-wooded evergreens, and other 



sorts which are proper to be propagated in this 

 manner. Put in cuttings of young wood pr«q)erly 

 ripened at the lower end. Bud rare sorts. (2055.) 



Forest trees. Collect and sow elm-seed in the 

 third or fourth week ; or if you do not wish to sow 

 it, lay it in the store-loft. (7023.) Seedlings of the 

 more choice pines may be thinned where too thick, 

 and the thinnings planted and shaded about the 

 end of the month. (6997.) Gather Scotch elm-seed 

 from the middle to the end of the month. (7203.) At- 

 tend to kitchen crops among transplanted trees, 

 and in vacant places in general. (7037.) 



1 0. Trees. — Permanent plantations and 

 park-scenery. 



Fell oak-coppices, if it has not been done before. 

 The middle of this month will prove a better time, 

 as to the trees, than the middle of May, as thev 

 will not bleed so much : but the bark will not peet 

 so well. (6941. to 6957.) 



Prune and thin the side shoots of the present 

 season, from established trees. (6884.) 



Routine culture. Stake newly planted tall hedge- 

 row trees, where not done before. Attend to weeds 

 everywhere, and to ground under-crop. Prepare 

 ground for autumn sowing or planting. 



Operations on ground and buildings are carried 

 on at this season with less advantage than in the 

 three preceding months. . The ground is hard and 

 difficult to penetrate J and the moisture in new- 

 built masonry dries too rapidly. 



JULY. 



Average of 

 the Ther- 

 mometer. 



London - 

 Edinburgh 

 Dublin - 



66 .-5 



60 6 



61 13 



Greatest 

 Variation 

 from the 

 Average. 



Average 

 of the 

 Barometer. 



29 89 

 29 445 

 29 929 



2-194 inch. 



2M6 



2-614 



1. Kalendar of animated nature round 

 London. 



In the Ji)-st week: the cuckoo {Cuculus canorus) 

 leaves off singing; the stone-curlew {Charadrius 

 cedicnemus) whistles occasionally late at night ; and 

 the golden-crested wren {Motaeilla regulus) now 

 and then chirps. 



Second week : the quail {Tetraoferrugineus) calls ; 

 the cuckoo-spit, or frog-hopper {Cicada spumaria), 

 abounds. 



Third week: young frogs migrate ; hens moult. 

 Fourth week : the great horse-fly ( Tabanus hovinus) 

 appears ; and partridges fly. 



2. Kalendar of vegetable nature round 

 London. 



In the first week: enchanter's nightshade {CirccBa 

 lutetiana) and lavender {Lavandula spica) in flower, 

 and pinks and carnations in full bloom. 



Second week : the fallen star {Tj-e?>2ella nostoc) ap- 

 pears, also puff-balls {Lycoperdon bovista), and some- 

 times the common mushroom [Agaricus cainpestris). 



Third week: raspberries and gooseberries ripe, 

 potatoes in flower, asparagus in berry, the liliums 

 in perfection. 



Fourth week: the truffle {Tuber cibarium) now 

 hunted or dug up in commons and forests ; night- 

 shade {Solanum nigrum), devil's bit {Scabiosa succisa), 

 burnct-saxifrage {Pimpinella saxifraga), and a great 

 number of plants hi flower. 



3. Kitchen-garden. — Culinary vegetables. 



Sow (2071.) salads and lettuce in shady situations, 

 for successional crops. Turnip-radish for an autumn 

 crop. (3760.) Kidneybeans, in the first week, for a 

 late full crop. (3633.) Peas and beans, in the first 

 week, and a fortnight afterwards try a small sowing 

 for a late crop. (3601.) Endive, in the first week, 

 to come in at the close of autumn ; in the third 

 week, for a winter crop. (3981.) Broccoli, before 

 the 10th, for a late spring crop, (3557.) Finochio, 

 for succession, in the first fortnight. (4099.) Round- 

 leaved spinage, in the first week, in a shady bor- 

 der for a succession. (3771.) Triangular-leaved, or 

 prickly spinage, in the last week, in poor ground to 

 Stand the winter. (3775 ) York and sugar-loaf cab- 



RE MARKS. 



This was called hay month by the Saxons, and m it are more 

 plants in floAier than during any other. The young gar- 

 dener should now devote a considerable portion of his 

 time to collecting and dry ing specimens, duplicates, and 

 triplicates, in order to acquire a stock to exchange with 

 brother-gardeners or naturalists ; or with booksellers, ajio- 

 thecaries, students, schoolmasters, and clergymen, for the 

 loan of books, and for aid and instruction in study. 



bages, in the first week, for autumn use, and in the 

 last week, for winter and spring. (3499.) Carrots, 

 in the first week, in a shady border. (3718.) Turnips 

 twice or thrice, in showery weather. (3698.) Welch 

 onions ; for autumn onions, sow the bulbing sorts 

 in the last week to stand the winter. (3816.) Cori- 

 ander and borage for young crops. (4222. and 4127.) 



To save seed. Mark out the brassica tribe, and 

 other esculents in perfection, and let them shoot up 

 flower-stems. 



Propagate by slips, offsets, &c. where not done 

 before, and where plants have completed their in- 

 florescence, and are to be cut down as tarragon 

 and other pot-herbs. (4093.) 



Transplant (2079.) as before, and include celery 

 and celeriac, endive, &c. 



Routine culture Stick and top peas and kidney- 

 beans, top common beans, train cucumbers and 

 gourds, earth up the leguminous crops and pota- 

 toes ; hoe, thin, and stir the surface wherever ne- 

 cessary, among all descriptions of crops ; water, as 

 far as your time will permit, and particular crops 

 require. 



Taking crops. (2290.) Take up shallots, and dry 

 them for winter use; also rocambole and garlic 

 when ready. Gather ripe seeds and onions, and cut 

 herbs in blossom, drying and storing both. Gather 

 the fruit of young gourds for pies, stews, and pick- 

 ling. 



Destroy insects, and ward off vermin. (2276.) 

 4. Hardy fruit department. 



Pla7it strawberries in the open garden; and in 

 pots for next winter's forcing. (4717. 



Prune, train, thin, and regulate all the summer 

 shoots of wall and espalier trees, and dwarf and tall 

 standards. (2573.) 



Routine culture. Hoe and weed fruit-tree bor- 

 ders. Hang up nets, v/ater and mulch where neces- 

 sary. Water alpine strawberries, which will now 

 be in full bearing, every third or fourth day, unless 

 in a shady situation. 



Destroy (2276.) insects : keep earwigs, ants, boys, 

 and idle women from fruits, as cherries, ticc. ap- 

 proaching to a state of ripeness. 



Fruit-room. (2298.) This will now be empty ; 

 clean and wash every part of it, and air it well for 

 occasional summer and next winter's use. 



