1160 



KALENDARIAL INDEX. 



removed (pot and all) to the fruit-room to ripen 

 leisurely. Your young plants will grow faster in this 

 month than in any month of the year. 



Forcing-houses. (2396.) Late crops of grapes will 

 be coming in, but most of the forcing-houses will 

 now be in a state of rest. Keep off all the sashes, 

 unless you mean to force very early, in which case 

 cover the house with mats from the sun, and admit 

 air from the north, in order to promote a cool, dry 

 atmosphere as best for hybernation. 



6. Flower-gai:fien. — Open ground de- 

 partment. 



Sow the primula tribe, if not done last month. 

 (6339. and 6388.) The seeds of most biennials and pe- 

 rennials may be sown this month with advantage, 

 provided you can afford protection to them in winter. 

 On the whole, however, it appears better to defer 

 the business till spring, unless with a few sorts 

 which sometimes lie a whole year before they come 

 up, when sown at tliat season. Among them may 

 be enumerated columbine, agrimony, chelone, &c. 

 If sown now their seeds will come up the following 

 spring, and they will flower the same season. (6493.) 



Propagate {1985.) by all the modes, but more es- 

 pecially from slips, rooted or unrooted, the stalky 

 part of herbaceous plants being now of a proper 

 texture and maturity for this purpose. 



Plant crocus and other bulbs, and such autumn- 

 flowering bulbs as you have neglected to plant early 

 in spring. (6501.) 



Transplant as in last month. (2079.) 



Shelter. (2206 ) If the end of the month be wet, 

 hoop and mat such plants as will be injured by over 

 much wet. Among these are the primula tribe 

 and tender annuals planted in groups over the bor- 

 ders ; also bulbs, as the tuberose and Guernsey lily, 

 planted or plunged in the borders. 



Routine culture. Prepare ground for florists' 

 flowers. Trench and sift the earth where tulips and 

 hyacinths are to be planted, at least three feet 

 deep. 



Store-room. See to roots and seeds. (1704.) 



7. Flower-garden. — Hot-house depart- 

 ment. 



Glass case without artificial heat. (2686.) Replace 

 the more tender auriculas in the frames, but keep 

 off the glasses, excepting when it rains. 



Hot-beds. See last month. (2678.) Most of the 

 green-house and hot-house plants will now be ad- 

 vanced : remove them to cold-frames, or to the 

 green-house or dry-stove, according to their natures, 

 to harden them gradually. Some may go directly 

 to the stove. 



Green-house. The beginning of this month is a 

 fit time to repair, paint, glaze, and clean the flues, 

 &c. of every description of house not in crop. Re- 

 place some of the more tender plants from the open 

 air at the beginning, and the whole in the course 

 of the last week of the month. Dress them pro- 

 perly and set them in natural groups, not in the 

 usual method. (See particularly 6636. ) 



Bry-slove. Replace all the succulents and other 

 plants, which you had put in the open air, and ar- 

 range every part of your stage for the winter, If 

 you cannot form natural groups, at least put every 

 genus by itself (6205.) 



Sark, or moist stoife. Begin to lessen the stimuli 

 towards the end of the month, in order to harden 

 for the approaching winter. Plant bulbs which 

 have been taken Up and dried. Attend to routine 

 culture. (6688.) 



8. Pleasure-ground and shrubbery. 



Pla7it (2077.) evergreens generally ; deciduous spe- 

 cies in the last week. 



Prune (2110.) evergreens all the month : deci- 

 duous species when the leaves are dropped. 



Routine culture as in last month. Remove all de- 

 caying flowers that do not bear ornamental seeds or 

 berries. Dress and mow turf, and roll and clean 

 gravel. 



Form and repair lawns, or verges, or grassy glades. 

 (2100. and 2101.) 



9. Trees. — Nursery department. 



Fruit-trees. (2039.) Sow cherry and plum stones 

 for stocks, also peach and almond stones for the 

 same purpose, or for new varieties. Gooseberry and 

 currant cuttings may be planted in the last week of 

 the month, in sheltered dry situations, where they 

 will not be much damaged by alternate frosts and 

 thaws in winter. 



Transplant (2079.) stocks from the seed-bed to 

 the lines, where they are to remain to be grafted. 

 Look to the budded and grafted trees. The matting 

 may generally be removed early in the month. 



Ornamental trees and shrubs. (6570.) Sow brier 

 and other rose seeds. Plant cuttings of hardy ever- 

 greens. Take off layers of the sorts which have 

 been laid two years, or which root well within one 

 season. Plant cuttings of a few of the deciduoiis 

 shrubs which are most hardy, or of tree-currant, 

 ivy, honeysuckle, yellow-berried elder, &c. Take 

 off suckers, and plant them in nursery rows. 



Forest-trees. Gather and sow all sorts of deci. 

 duous tree-seeds. If you do not sow them, take 

 them to the seed-loft, or rot-heap for preservation. 

 Plant and prune evergreens, as also the wild cherry, 

 birch, and sycamore. Gather seeds of all sorts now 

 ripe. (6982) 



10. Trees. — Permanent plantations and 

 park-scener)\ 



Thin woods and coppices ; and where the trees 

 are wanted, take them carefully up^ if they are 

 large, they should have been previously prepared a 

 year ago. (6955.) 



Plant (2077.) deciduous trees, generally, and even 

 the larch, spruce fir, and Scotch pine. 



Prepare for planting by fencing and aU the sub- 

 sequent processes. (6820.) 



Operate on ground, and recommence building 

 walls or other works belonging to the department 

 of landscape-gardening. 



OCTOBER. 



Weather 

 at 



Average of 

 the Ther- 

 mometer. 



Greatest 

 Variation 

 from the 

 Average. 



Average 

 of the 

 Barometer. 



Quantity 

 of Rain. 



REMARKS. 



Grapes and other late fruits ripen during this month, 

 and some main culinary crops are gathered and housed. 

 A few specimens of plants may still be collected, and many 

 species of the animal kingdom. Not one animated being 

 should be neglected from the worm upwards. Collec- 

 tions of spiders are best made during this month, and 

 the young gardener may continue to dissect and study 

 the pulpy fruits. 



London - 

 Edinburgh 

 Dublin - 



52 81 

 49 7 

 61 



4 „ 



29 69 

 29 339 

 29 76 



2- 027 inch. 



3- 234 

 2-708 



1. Kalendar of animated nature round 

 London. 



In the first week: the red-wing (Turdus iliactts) 

 arrives ; snakes and vipers bury themselves. 



Second week : hooded crows {Corvus comix) and 

 wood-pigeons {Columba palumbus) arrive; hen- 

 chatfinches {Fringilla coelebs) congregate, and pre- 

 pare for migration, leaving their males in this 

 country. 



Third week : the snipe {Scolopax galhnago) ap- 

 pears in the meadows ; wildgeese {Anas sylvestris) 

 leave the fens, and go to the rye-lands. 



Fourth week: the tortoise (Testudo grcecd) be- 

 gins to bury himself in the ground, and rooks visit 

 their nest-trees ; some larks {Alaudie) sing, and 



the woodcock {Scolopax rusticola) returns ; spiders' 

 webs abound. 



2. Kalendar of vegetable nature round 

 London. 



In the first week : strawberry-tree {Arbutus unedo), 

 holly {Ilex aquifolium), China hollyhock {Alcea chi- 

 nensis), and China aster {Aster chinensis), in bloom. 



Second week : catkins of some species of salix 

 formed; leaves of the asp almost all off; of the 

 Spanish chestnut, yellow ; of the sugar-maple {Acer 

 saccharinum), scarlet ; of the common birch, yellow 

 and gold ; and of the weeping-birch, gold and bright- 

 red colored. 



Third week : clematis calycina in flower ; some 

 horse-chestnuts and acacias quite denuded of leaves. 



