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CASSELL'S POPULAR GARDENING. 



dense round head ; this is generally grafted as a 

 standard on the common stock, and is best suited for 

 localities where a small formal tree is wanted. 

 Monophylla has the ordinary pinnate leaves of the 

 type reduced to the terminal leaflet, though in 

 vigorous specimens a couple of small lateral leaflets 

 are frequently developed. JPendula only differs in its 

 weeping habit, and tortuosa in the curious zigzag- 

 branches. 



Rufous. — This genus, which contains about 100 

 species, is nearly confined to the Northern Hemi- 

 sphere ; many are beautiful garden plants. 



E. Australis, a native of New Zealand, is perhaps 

 more curious and interesting than pretty; it has 

 thin, slender, dark green branches, beset with curved 

 whitish prickles ; the common leaf-stalk, as well as 

 those of the leaflets, being difficult at first sight to 

 distinguish from the branches on account of the 

 almost entire suppression of the true leaves, which 

 are represented by very small bodies at the tips of 

 the long prickly stalks. 



E. biflorus, a native of Nepaul, frequently men- 

 tioned in gardening journals under the name of E. 

 leucodermis, which rightly belongs to a different 

 plant, is no less ornamental in winter, when its tall 

 pure white stems are so conspicuous, than in 

 summer, when laden with its copious white flowers, 

 and deep orange or orange-red fruits. 



R. deliciosus, a spineless Rocky Mountain plant, 

 has lobed Currant-like leaves, and large Rose-like 

 white flowers ; this beautiful deciduous shrub is 

 quite hardy, and flowers freely enough as a bush in 

 the shrubbery ; it also makes a very charming wall 

 plant. 



E. discolor is one of the innumerable forms of 

 E. fruticosus which are found within the limits of 

 the British flora; the double-flowered form, which 

 passes in some books as E. bellidiflorus, is very hand- 

 some, producing a profusion of rosy blossoms not 

 unlike small Pompon Chrysanthemums in appear- 

 ance. This, too, remains in bloom longer than the 

 single-flowered type, or its near allies. A double 

 white Bramble, a form of E. tomentosus — a species 

 not found wild in Britain — is a fine companion plant 

 to the double rose-coloured one. E. laciniata, the 

 Parsley-leaved Bramble, is thoroughly well worth 

 growing, if only for the sake of its beautifully-cut 

 leaves ; when well treated, however, it bears an 

 abundance of large fruits, for which, indeed, we 

 have seen it grown in a few fruit gardens. 



E. odoratus — tbe Purple-flowering Raspberry^— is 

 a North-eastern American species, with showy rose- 

 purple flowers a couple of inches in diameter. It 

 has shrubby stems, three to five feet high, and 

 simple three to five-lobed leaves, the stalks of which, 



as well as the branches, &c, are bristly with 

 glandular hairs. 



E. nutkanus, another North- eastern American 

 species, is a near ally of the last; it has almost 

 equally five-lobed, coarsely-toothed leaves, and white 

 flowers. 



E. spectabills, from North-western America, grows 

 about six feet high, and has ternate, or trilobate, 

 leaves, with serrulated margins. The bright red 

 solitary flowers are borne on pendulous axillary 

 peduncles, and are followed by ornamental orange- 

 red fruits. 



Ruscus is a small genus of evergreen shrubs, 

 with stout creeping root-stocks. The true leaves are 

 minute scale-like bodies, bearing in their axils the 

 large, rigid, leaf-like, flattened branches (cladodes). 

 E. aculeatus, the Butcher's Broom, is an indigenous 

 plant, well suited for growing under the shade 

 of trees, where few shrubs will succeed. E. hypo- 

 glossum and E. hypophyllam are South European 

 dwarf-growing species, with larger cladodes than 

 those of E. acalcatus. 



Salix {Willow). — This is a large genus of de- 

 ciduous trees, or shrubs, mostly natives of Arctic 

 and north temperate zones. There are about 160 

 species, some of which are very low-growing shrubs, 

 scarcely exceeding a few inches in height, others 

 being trees sometimes attaining a height of 100 

 feet. The following include the best for land- 

 scape effects in the park, and those most suitable 

 for the shrubbery border, or gardens of limited 

 extent. 



S. alba, the White Willow, has narrowly lanceo- 

 late, long acuminate leaves, which are silky on both 

 surfaces when young ; it does best in somewhat 

 marshy ground, the trunk now and then measuring 

 twenty feet in girth, and the tree about eighty feet 

 in height. Cwmlca is a variety with the old leaves 

 glabrous, and glaucous beneath ; and vitellina, the 

 Golden Willow, is another remarkable for the bright 

 yellow, or red, of the young twigs. S. alba is found 

 in the Old World throughout the Northern Hemi- 

 sphere ; its timber is valuable for carpentry, and the 

 bark for tanning. 



S. Babylonica is the common Weeping Willow, one 

 of the most elegant and beautiful of all weeping 

 trees. Its name is apt to perpetuate the old idea 

 that it is a native of Western Asia ; such, however, 

 is not the case, as it has within comparatively recent 

 years been ascertained to be Chinese and Japanese 

 in origin. 



S. Caprea (the Sallow, Goat Willow, or Palm), 

 the earliest flowering of the British Willows, has 

 reticulated, elliptic or oblong-obovate leaves, to- 



