38 



CASSELL'S POPULAR GARDENING. 



For our present purpose, it will suffice to speak of 

 a few of the most generally admitted species accord- 

 ing to their geographical origin. 



Among European Roses we may allude, in the first 

 place, to certain species which occur wild in our own 

 islands. 



E. spinosissima is a low-growing form, growing in 

 waste places often near the sea, and distinguished by 

 its small neat gland- 

 less foliage, its 

 crowded stiff prickles 

 and its globular 

 blackish fruit. This 

 is the parent of the 

 Scotch Roses of the 

 garden, the flowers 

 being usually small, 

 globular, and delight- 

 fully fragrant. Its 

 creeping under- 

 ground stems and 

 suckers render it 

 useful in fixing light 

 soil by the sea. 



JR. rubiginosa is the 

 origin of the Sweet- 

 briar, whose fragrant 

 foliage is alone suffi- 

 cient to distinguish it. 



R. canina is the 

 common Dog-rose of 

 the hedges, very vari- 

 able in foliage and 

 flower. Its prickles 

 are strongly hooked, 

 and its foliage usually 

 without glands. 



E. arvensis has 

 more of a trailing 

 habit than the pre- 

 ceding, and differs 

 more especially in 

 the styles, which in 



this species protrude from the mouth of the flower- 

 tube, and, instead of being free, are more or 

 less united , together. It is the parent of the Ayr- 

 shire, Dundee Rambler, and other robust-growing 

 climbing Roses well adapted for pillars or trellises, 

 or as weeping trees. 



E. moschata is a native of Sicily and of the 

 Pyrenees, extending also into Northern Africa. It 

 is a form rarely seen, having few spines, leaflets 

 glaucous beneath, flowers white, with a perfume of 

 musk, and arranged in clusters. The Noisette Roses 

 are said to have originated from the cross-fertilisation 

 of this species with the Chinese Rose. 



Fig. 5.— Branch, of Eosa Gallica, showing prickly stem, stipules, pinnate 

 leaves, definite inflorescence, flower -buds, and expanded corolla, as 

 described in the text. 



E. sempervire7is is a native of Southern Europe, of 

 the same climbing habit as the E. arvensis, but with 

 nearly evergreen leaves. Felicite pcrpetuelle is one of 

 the best known of its descendants. 



E. Gallica is a native of Central and Southern 

 Europe, and is abundant in Austria and Switzerland. 

 It is a shrub with weak prickles of imiform shape, 

 rigid glandless leaves, and erect flowers. From it, 

 or from crosses with 

 it and others of the 

 Centifolia, Chinese, 

 Noisette, and Bour. 

 bon Roses, has arisen 

 a vast variety of 

 garden Roses of all 

 colours, and of every 

 variety of habit 

 (Fig. 5). 



E. cinnamomea is a 

 species, native of 

 North and Central 

 Europe, forming a 

 greyish shrub with 

 cinnamon - coloured 

 branches, beset with 

 few spines, very large 

 stipules, and long 

 pointed sepals, the 

 petals being of a pink 

 colour. 



E. Alpina, a native 

 of the mountains of 

 Central Europe, form- 

 ing a shrub without 

 spines, with pale pink 

 erect flowers, elon- 

 gated pendulous fruit 

 on a hispid peduncle. 



Amongst Asiatic 

 Roses we may first 

 note a few w^hich 

 are natives of Asia 

 Minor. 



E. eglanteria [hitea), often considered, but errone- 

 ously, to be a native of Southern Europe. It forms 

 an erect bush, with very irregular prickles ; doubly- 

 serrated leaflets ; flowers usually solitary, of some 

 shade of yellow. From this have originated the 

 Austrian Briars and Persian Yellow of the garden. 

 The species is a native of Asia IMinor, of the Hima- 

 layas, Afghanistan, and Siberia. 



E. centifolia is a native of the Caucasus and of Asia 

 Minor. It forms a shrub, with unequal prickles, 

 flowers nodding, white or pink. This is the parent of 

 the Provence or Cabbage Roses, of the Pompones and 

 Moss Roses, the latter so called from the profusion 



