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CASSELL'S POPULAR GARDENING. 



sloping and firmly binding together of the scion to 

 the stock, exactly as in splicing a broken whip. 



To make the union the more perfect, sound, and 

 durable, these two should be of equal diameters. 

 Thus each part fits to the corresponding part, wood 

 to wood, cambium to cambium, bark to bark, all 

 roimd. The more perfect the fit, the more speedy 

 and sound the union. 



Cut the stock across at the height desired, then 

 place the graft against its side, an inch or an inch 

 and a half from its crown, take the measure with the 

 eye, and make a clean diagonal cut across the stock 

 from the required spot, tapering almost to a point oh 

 its top. It is most important that this cut should be 



Fi<r. 19.— Whip or Splice 

 Grafting, a, stock ; h, 

 scion ; c, the two 

 united. 



Fig. 20.— Whip or Splice 

 Graf ting, with Tongue 

 ataonstocli; b, scion ; 

 c, the two united. 



clean and smooth, tapering equally all the way. 

 Having already taken the scion in hand, proceed to 

 cut it in the same way, making the cut the exact 

 counterpart of that on the stock. Then, without 

 a moment's delay, place the two fresh-cut surfaces 

 together, and bind them tight with bast, cotton- wick, 

 or other ligature, and the mysterious art of grafting is 

 completed. If the fit be good, and the inner bark 

 of scion and stock impinge against each other along 

 their lines of contact, success is almost certain, other- 

 wise failure is even more sure. This is the simplest 

 mode of whip grafting, and is as good as any other. 



JFhip Grafting with Tongue. -—This consists in 

 forcing portions of the wood of the scion into the 

 stock, and vice versa if desired, for there are modes 

 of double as well as single 'tongue grafting. Our 

 illustration will explain this better than any amount 

 of description (Fig. 20). But as it increases the 

 trouble, and does little or nothing to accelerate the 

 union or make it more certain, it need not be further 

 adverted to here. 



Crown Grafting. — In this method the scion is 

 prepared in exactly the same manner as for whip 

 grafting. The wedge may be longer or shorter as 

 desired. The top of the stock is also squared in 

 the same way, but the wood is all left intact. A 



slit is then made down one or, where the stock is 

 larger, two or more sides of the stock, and the bark 

 slightly raised as for budding ; the wedge portion of 

 the scion is pushed into the slit, bound firmly into 

 position, and the process is complete. There are, 

 however, many modifications of this mode of grafting, 

 though this, of which an illustration 

 is given (Fig. 21), is the simplest and 

 the best. 



Cleft Grafting. — In this also the 

 preliminary preparation of the stock 

 may be broadly afiirmed to be the 

 same as in the others, that is, the 

 head is cut oft". Beyond this the 

 mode is considerably different. The 

 simplest method of cleft grafting is 

 that in which the stock and scion are 

 of about equal diameters, A wedge- 

 shaped piece of wood is then cut out of the 

 stock, the scion is cut to fit this V-like caxity, 

 placed in, and bound in position. This mode, how- 

 ever, is often practised when the stock is much the 

 larger ; in that case a piece of wood is cut out of 

 the side of the stock, the scion is manipulated to fit 

 in quite level with the bark, and the process is 

 complete (Fig, 22). 



Saddle Grafting. — This chiefly diverges from the 

 above in the following manner. Instead of the 

 scion being cut into the form of .a wedge through- 



Fig. 21.— Crown 

 Graftintr. a, 

 the stock ; b, 

 tue scions. 



Fig. 22.— Cleft GraftiTig. a, stock : b c, wedge of scion; 

 d, the graft made. 



out, it terminates within a quarter or half an 

 inch of its natural termination at the upper end. 

 This is then cut up straight, leaving a projection 

 from the inside of the cut to the outer bark. This 

 projection enables the scion to rest upon the crow^n 

 of the stock in a similar manner to a saddle on a 

 horse's back, and hence the name. This form may 

 be of some service in imparting greater stability to 

 the scion, and, in so far as the projecting portion of 

 the scion helps to clothe the crown of the stock with 

 new bark, it is of great use. But as to hastening 

 the union between scion and stock it is probably 

 useless, or worse, as during the time spent in 

 manipulating these rather complicated scions so as 



