368 



CASSELL'S POPULAR GARDENING. 



the Azores, and Malta. Recently Australia has 

 sent some to London, but as in all cases these are 

 gathered before they are quite ripe, excellent as the 

 flavour is, they cannot compare with a fully ripe 

 fruit, fresh-gathered from the tree. It has been in 

 cultivation in various parts of the world for ages, 

 and is still found wild in the valleys of Northern 

 India. 



C. Bigaradia (the Seville or Bitter Orange) 

 forms a handsome plant, with ovate, broadly- winged, 

 dark green leaves ; fruit rough, very dark, with an 

 extremely bitter rind. It is largely imported from 

 Spain for preserving, as candied-peel, marmalade, 

 &c. The Myrtle-leaved Orange is a variety of this 

 kind. 



C. Bergamia (the Bergamot Orange). — Tree spiny. 

 It bears a small pear-shaped fruit ; the flowers and 

 fruit are both fragrant, and from them is obtained 

 the essence called Bergamot-oil. 



C. decumana (the Shaddock). — A bold tree, with 

 broadly-ovate winged leaves, and very large fruits, 

 sometimes measui-ing two feet in circumference, and 

 weighing from ten to twenty pounds. The rind is pale 

 yellow, pulp pale red, slightly acid, very cooling and 

 refreshing. They are to be found in the London 

 markets under the names of Pompelmousses, Pom- 

 poleons, and Pomaloe and the small-sized ones are 

 sold as the " Forbidden Fruit." It is a native of 

 China, and is largely cultivated in Jamnica and 

 various parts of the West Indies, wheie it was first 

 taken by Captain Shaddock. 



C. Limetta (the Lime). — This forms a handsome 

 tree, with large ovate leaves and pale yellow fruit. 

 The pulp is acid and bitter, but rather flat. It, with 

 the Lemon and Citron, produce the Lime-jiiice 

 so useful as an antiscorbutic. The plant called 

 by the Italians Porno d'Adamo is a variety of the 

 Lime. 



C. Limoman (the Lemon) is a handsome plant, nnd 

 comes into a bearing state quite young. The fruits 

 are too well known to need de=^cription. There are 

 many varieties. It is found wild in Northern India, 

 and cultivated largely in . the West Indian Islands, 

 and is a valuable article of commerce. 



C. M?dica (the Citron) is a spiny-branched tree, 

 with oblong pale green leaves, flowers purplish 

 outside, white within, fruits ovate upwards, of six 

 inches long, with a rough citron-yellow rind, which 

 is spongy and very fragrant. It is pi-eserved and 

 sold as candied-peel. The pulp is slightly acid. It 

 yields the Oil of Citron and the Oil of Cedra of 

 commerce. Found wild in Northern India, but has 

 been cultivated in various parts of the world for 

 many centuries. 



C. japonica, a native of China and Ja)\an, where it 

 is called Kumquat. It is a plant of medium growth, 



and produces a handsome appearance. It bears an 

 abundance of bright yellow fruit of exquisite flavour. 

 These are sent to this country preserved whole, and 

 meet a ready sale. 



Clethra. — A genus of Ericacem, most of which 

 are natives of America. The species quoted here, 

 however, is indigenous to Madeira, and becomes a 

 stately green-house tree, although if properly culti- 

 vated it will bloom in a young state, and thus may 

 be accommodated in houses of small dimensions. It 

 has been in cultivation in this country for a luindred 

 years, but is less frequently seen than it deserves. 



The soil should consist of two parts peat, one of 

 light loam, and a little sand. Young plants should 

 be allowed to become pot-bound, when they will 

 flower freely ; but if large plants are required they 

 must be re-potted frequently and Icept growing. The 

 coolest jDart of the green-house suits this plant 

 best. 



C. arhorea. — A free-growing, handsome shrub, with 

 oblong acuminate leaves, which are seirated at the 

 edges, smooth and bright green on the upper side, 

 paler below ; the racemes of flowers are much 

 branched, bearing numerous pure white flowers, re- 

 sembling large spikes of Lily of the Valley. Sum- 

 mer months. Madeira. 



COMMON GARDEN FLOWERS. 



SNAPDRAGONS, HYDRANGEAS, F^ONIES, 

 MICHAELMAS DAISIES. 



The Antirrhinum, or Snapdragon.— Time 



was when this fine and handsome biennial was 

 included among the florists' flowers ; and even at the 

 present time batches of seedlings are named by the 

 Scotch raisers, and included under the head of " new 

 florists' flowers." The type of flower noticed under 

 this heading is Antirrhinum majus (the Great Snap- 

 dragon). Antirrhinum is a compound of two words 

 meaning a snout or nose ; the flowers being like the 

 snout of an animal ; and this resemblance, no doubt, 

 gave rise to the common name, Snapdragon. It is 

 not a native of Britain, but it so abounds that it 

 might be regarded as a native plant ; it is very 

 frequently found growing on old walls and buildings, 

 in which places plants will endure for several years, 

 and it. is truly remarkable what large plants will 

 grow with their roots depending entirely upon the 

 moisture in the walls for support. In such positions 

 the plants become true perennials ; whereas, when 

 placed in gardens, it seldom lasts longer than two 

 years, and therefore it is classed under the head of 

 " hiirdy biennials." 



