xvi 



PREFACE. 



ning to grow in the spring, with their leaves just turning green, are in a most 

 unfit state to remove ; for, when transplanted, their roots will not have time to 

 form a sufficient number of new spongioles to supply the loss to which the rapid 

 perspiration by the leaves at that season will give rise. It is upon this same 

 principle, that if deciduous plants are taken from the ground in the summer, 

 they are put into pots and placed in a hot-bed to recover ; not for the sake of the 

 heat, but because the atmosphere of a hot-bed is so charged with humidity that 

 perspiration cannot go on, so that the vital energies of the plant, instead of being 

 wasted by evaporation, are directed to the formation of new mouths by which 

 to feed. 



'* This is but a brief outline of what the principles are upon which the common 

 operations of the Fruit Garden depend ; yet it is hoped that it may not be with- 

 out its use in calling attention to the rationalia of what may seem extremely 

 simple and well understood practices, but which are undoubtedly neither so per- 

 fect, nor generally so skilfully performed, as to be incapable of amendment." 



ABBREVIATION 



OF ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES QUOTED IN PART II. 

 Pursh. Piirsh Flora Americas Septentrionalis. 



Knight in Hort. Trans. Knight in Transactions of the London Horticultural Society. 

 Poit. A Poiteau. 

 Lang. Langley Pomona. 



Lind. Lindley, Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen Garden. 



Mass. Hort. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. 



Mil. Oard Die. Miller's Gardener's Dictionary. 



May. Pom. Fran. Mayer Pomona Franconica. 



Pr. Cat. 26 ed. Wm, Prince and Sons' Catalogue, 26th edition. 



Thatcher. Thatcher's American Orchardist. 



Siekler. Sickler Der Teutsche Obstagartner. 



Kraft. Pom. Aust. Kraft Pomona Austriaca. 



Bigelow. Bigelow Florula Bostoniensis. 



Decand Decandolle. 



Loud. Hort. Brit. Loudon's Horlus BritannicuB. 

 Le Berr. Le Berrier Traite des Jardins. 

 Law. Lawrence Agriculture and Gardening. 

 Michaux. Flora Boreali Americana. 

 Desf. Desfontaines. 



JVttt. Nuttall Genera of American Plants. 



Loud. Oard. Mag. Loudon's Gardener's Magazine. 



Hort. Oard. Col. Collection of Trees in the Garden of the London Hoticultural Sooietr. 

 , Pom. Heref. Pomona Herefordiensis; 



