FOR VICTORIAN INDUSTRIAL CULTURE. 



41 



brouglit to tropical Africa and Asia, where now other Pepper- 

 Capsicums are likewise naturalized. 



Capsicum frutescens, Linn^. (G./astigiatum, Blume.) 



Tropical America. The berries of this shrubby species are 

 likewise converted into Cayenne Pepper. 



Capsicum longum, CandoUe. 



Some of the hottest parts of America. An annual herb, 

 also yielding Cayenne Pepper. Fraas believes this plant, as 

 an oriental one, to have been known already to Teoplirastos 

 and Dioscorides. C. grossum (Willd.) is also mentioned by 

 Colonel Drury as a very pungent species. Our summers 

 admit of the successful growth of at least the annual species 

 of Capsicum in all the lowlands. 



Caragana arborescens, Lamarck. 



The Pea-tree of Siberia. The seeds are of culinary value, 

 but particularly used for feeding fowl. The leaves yield a 

 blue dye (Dr. Rosenthal). 



Carex arenaria, Linne. 



Europe and North Asia. One of the most powerful of sedges 

 for subduing rolling sand, not attracting pasture animals by 

 its foliage. The roots are of medicinal value. 



Carex Moorcroftiana, Falconer. 



The Loongmur of the Alps of Thibet. One of the best of 

 sedges for staying the shifting sand by its deeply penetrating 

 and creeping roots. It forms an intricate network on the 

 surface and beneath ; outliving most other fodder-plants at its 

 native places, it becomes available for cattle and horse-food, 

 particularly in the cold of winter, and is held to be singularly 

 invigorating to pasture-animals. 



Carissa Arduina, Lamarck. 



South Africa. A shrub with formidable thorns, well adapted 

 for boundary lines of gardens, where rapidity of growth is 

 not an object. Quite hardy at Melbourne. C. ferox (E. 

 Meyer) and C. grandiflora (A. de Cand.), are allied plants of 

 equal value. The East Australian, C. Brownii (F. von 

 Mueller) can be similarly utilized. . The flowers of all are 

 very fragrant. C. Carandas (Linne), extends from India to 

 China; its berries are edible. 



Carpinus Betulus, Linne. 



The Hornbean. A tree 80 feet high. Middle and South 

 Europe. Wood pale, of a horny toughness and hardness, 

 close-grained, but not elastic. This tree would serve to arrest 

 the progress of bushfires, if planted in copses or hedges like 

 willows and poplars around forest plantations. A smaller 



