FOR VICTORIAN INDUSTRIAL CULTURE. 



183 



other Poplars is easily converted into paper-pulp, which 

 again is cheaply bleached. Lines of Poplars along forest- 

 streams prevent the progress of wood-conflagrations. The 

 roots of Poplars spread widely. P. canescens (Sm.), the 

 Grey Poplar, is either a variety of the Abele or its hybrid 

 with the Aspen, and yields a better timber for carpenters 

 and millwrights. 



Populus balsamifera, Linn6. 



The Tacamahac or Balsam-Poplar of the colder, but not the 

 coldest parts of North America, also in Siberia and the 

 Himalayan Mountains, where it ranges from 8000 to 14,000 

 feet. It attains a height of eighty feet. The tree may be 

 lopped for cattle-fodder (Stewart and Brandis). Mr. Meehan 

 says that it will grow near the ocean's brink. Its variety is 

 P. candicans (Ait.). 



Populus eiliata, Wallich. 



Himalaya, from 4000 to 10,000 feet. Height up to 70 feet 

 with a straight trunk, which attains ten feet in girth. 



Populus Euphratica, Olivier. 



From Algeria, dispersed to the Himalayas and Songaria, up 

 to 13,500 feet. Height up to fifty feet. Wood harder than 

 that of most Poplars, the inner wood turning black in old 

 trees; it is used for planking and boat-building (Stewart and 

 Brandis), also for beams, rafters, boxes, panneling, turnery. 

 Cattle will browse on the leaves. This is the Willow of the 

 137th Psalm. 



Populus grandidentata, Michaux. 



North America. Sixty feet high. The Soft Aspen. P. 

 angulata (Ait.) is another large Poplar of North-Eastern 

 America. 



Populus heterophylla, Linne. 



The Downy Poplar of North America. Height sixty feet. 



Populus monilifera, Alton. {P. Canadensis, Desfontaines.) 

 The Cottonwood-tree of North America. Height 100 feet. 

 One of the best Poplars for the production of timber. It is 

 recommended to obtain for planting along streets or near 

 dwellings cuttings from male trees only, as the minute downy 

 seeds of the female trees are copiously wafted through the air^ 

 and have irritant effects on the respiratory organs. Of quick 

 and luxuriant growth, thriving even in arid and exposed 

 places. 



Populus nigra, Linn4 



The European Black Poplar, extending spontaneously to 

 China; in the Himalayas up to 12,500 feet. The spreading 

 variety one of the best of trees for lining roads. Wood 



