FOR VICTORIAN INDUSTRIAL CULTURE. 



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Quercus coccifera, Liime. 



The deciduous Kermes-Oak of South Europe, ISTorth Africa 

 and Soutli-West Asia. So called from the red dye furnished 

 by the Coccus ilicis from this Oak. It also supplies tanners' 

 bark. The huge and ancient Abraham's Oak belongs to this 

 species, 



Quercus coccinea, Wangenheim. 



The Black Oak of North America. Height 100 feet; stem- 

 diameter five feet. Foliage deciduous. The yellow dye 

 known as Quercitron comes from this tree. It is much more 

 powerful than that of Woad (Bancroft). With alumina the 

 tinge of the bark is bright yellow, with oxyde of tin it is 

 orange, with oxyd of iron it is drab (Porcher). Q, tinctoria 

 (Bartram) is a variety. The bark of the variety called Scar- 

 let Oak is practically far inferior in value to that of the 

 Black Oak (Meehan). Bark rich in tannic acid. 



Quercus cornea, Loureiro. 



China. An evergreen tree, forty feet high. Acorns used for 

 food. 



Quercus densifloraj Hooker and Arnott. 



Calif ornian Chestnut-Oak. A large evergreen tree of beautiful 

 outline, dense foliage and compact growth. Bark very valu- 

 able for tanning; wood however subject to rapid decay 

 (Prof. Bolander). Quercus Dougiasi is another tall Oak of 

 California. 



Quercus dilatata, Lindley. 



From the Himalayas to Afghanistan, at elevations from 4500 

 to 10,000 feet. Height u]) to 100 feet; crown very shady, 

 lopped for sheep-fodder. The hard, heavy and durable wood 

 much used for building-purposes and implements (Madden). 



uercus falcata, Michaux. 



North America. A tree attaining a height of eighty feet, 

 with a stem four feet in diameter. Foliage deciduous. It 

 lives in dry sandy ground and can also be utilised for sea- 

 coasts. Produces an excellent tanner's bark and also galls 

 for superior ink, 



Quercus Garry ana, Douglas. 



North-AVest America, along the coast between the 38th and 

 50th degrees. A gigantic tree, 100 feet high or more, with a 

 stem 6 feet in diameter. The timber is remarkably pale 

 for an Oak, hard and fine-grained, of great strength and 

 durability, well-suited for almost every kind of construction 

 for which the White or the European Oak is employed. The 

 acorns, being sweet and agreeable, form an excellent mast for 

 hogs. 



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