FOR VICTORIAN INDUSTRIAL CULTURE. 



197 



Quercus virens, Linn^.* 



The Live-Oak of North America. Evergreen, fifty feet high, 

 with a stem of sometimes nine feet in diameter. Supplies a 

 most valuable timber for ship-building; it is heavy, compact, 

 fine-grained ; it is moreover the strongest and most durable 

 of all American Oaks. Like Q. obtusiloba (Mich.), it lives 

 also on sea- shores, helping to bind the sand, but it is then 

 not of tall stature. Of many of the 300 Oaks of both the 

 western and eastern portions of the northern hemisphere, the 

 properties remain unrecorded and perhaps unexamined; but 

 it would be important to introduce as many kinds as possible 

 for local test-growth. The acorns, when packed in dry moss, 

 retain their vitality for some months. The species with 

 deciduous foliage are not desirable for massive ornamental 

 planting, because in this clime they shed their dead leaves 

 tardily during the very time of our greatest verdure. 



Quillaja saponaria, Molina. 



Chili. A colossal tree. The bark is rich in Saponin, and 

 thus valuable for dressing wool and silk. 



Rafnia amplexicaulis,' Thunberg. 



South Africa. The root of this bush is sweet like liquorice, 

 and is administered in medicine. Eafnia perfoliata (E. 

 Meyer), also from South Africa, furnishes likewise a medi- 

 cinal root. 



Kaphanus sativus, Linne. 



South Asia, up to 16,000 feet in the Himalayas, eastward to 

 Japan. The Kadish. R. caudatus (L.), the Radish with long 

 edible pods, is regarded by Dr. Th. Anderson as a mere 

 variety, and he thinks that all are sprung from the ordinary 

 R. Raphanistrum (L.) of Europe. All Radishes succeed best 

 in a calcareous soil, or aided by manure rich in lime. 



Keseda Luteola, Linne. 



The Weld. Middle and South Europe, Middle Asia, North 

 Africa. A herb of one or two years' duration. Likes cal- 

 careous soil. A yellow dye (Luteolin) pervades the whole 

 plant. The plant must be cut before the fruit commences to 

 develop, otherwise the pigment will much diminish. 



iReseda odorata, Linne. 



The true Mignonette. North Africa and Syria. A herb of 

 one or very few years' duration. The delicate scent can best 

 be concentrated and removed by enfleurage. 



JRhagodia Billardieri, R. Brown. 



Extra-tropical Australia. An important bush for binding 

 moving sand on sea-shores. A herb of this order, Atriplex 



