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  THE 
  EXTINCT 
  VERTEBRATE 
  ANIMALS 
  

  

  formations, 
  though 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  chalk 
  flints 
  in 
  the 
  drifts 
  may 
  

   point 
  to 
  the 
  former 
  existence 
  of 
  strata 
  of 
  that 
  age. 
  

  

  The 
  vertebrate 
  remains 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  superficial 
  

   formations 
  of 
  this 
  area 
  are 
  all 
  of 
  comparatively 
  recent 
  origin, 
  and 
  

   occur 
  in 
  the 
  peat-bogs 
  and 
  surface-clays 
  of 
  the 
  district. 
  Of 
  these, 
  

   by 
  far 
  the 
  most 
  common 
  are 
  the 
  horns 
  of 
  the 
  Eed 
  Deer 
  (Cervus 
  

   elaphus), 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  frequently 
  found 
  at 
  Little 
  Ferry, 
  Loch 
  of 
  

   Spynie, 
  and 
  other 
  places, 
  and 
  of 
  which 
  many 
  specimens, 
  some 
  of 
  

   great 
  size, 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  museums 
  at 
  Elgin 
  and 
  Dunrobin. 
  

  

  Of 
  Mammalia 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  human 
  period 
  now 
  actually 
  

   extinct 
  in 
  Britain, 
  the 
  list 
  for 
  this 
  district 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  

   get 
  together 
  is 
  really 
  very 
  small, 
  but 
  such 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  I 
  now 
  present 
  it. 
  

  

  Class 
  MAMMALIA. 
  

  

  Sub-class 
  EU 
  THE 
  EI 
  A. 
  

   Order 
  UNGrULATA. 
  

   Sub-order 
  AETIODACTYLA. 
  

   Family 
  CERVID-E. 
  

   Rangifer 
  tarandus 
  (Linn.). 
  Reindeer. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  J. 
  A. 
  Smith 
  (65, 
  p. 
  189) 
  recorded 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  fragments 
  

   of 
  horns 
  in 
  the 
  Cill-Trolla 
  Broch, 
  Kintradwell, 
  Sutherlandshire. 
  

   These 
  were 
  discovered 
  by 
  the 
  Rev. 
  Dr. 
  Joass, 
  and 
  identified 
  by 
  

   Sir 
  Richard 
  Owen. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  Smith 
  (66, 
  p. 
  631) 
  also 
  mentions 
  the 
  discovery 
  by 
  the 
  

   same 
  investigator 
  of 
  a 
  tine 
  of 
  a 
  reindeer 
  in 
  a 
  peat-moss 
  in 
  the 
  

   Morbhaich 
  Mor, 
  near 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  Tain. 
  

  

  Alces 
  machlis, 
  Ogilby. 
  Elk. 
  

  

  J. 
  G. 
  Phillips 
  (67, 
  p. 
  Ill, 
  footnote) 
  mentions 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  a 
  

   horn 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  in 
  the 
  Moss 
  of 
  Van 
  tuck, 
  which, 
  he 
  says, 
  ' 
  is 
  in 
  

   the 
  possession 
  of 
  the 
  Rev. 
  J. 
  Glennie, 
  E.C. 
  clergyman, 
  Inverurie,' 
  

   and 
  'was 
  identified 
  by 
  Canon 
  Greenwell, 
  Durham.' 
  

  

  Family 
  BOVIDJE. 
  

  

  Bos 
  taurus, 
  Linn. 
  Ox. 
  

   Var. 
  primigenius, 
  Bojanus. 
  Large 
  extinct 
  British 
  Ox. 
  

  

  Two 
  horn 
  cores 
  were 
  found 
  at 
  Westfield, 
  New 
  Spynie, 
  in 
  clay, 
  six 
  

   feet 
  below 
  the 
  surface, 
  and 
  are 
  now 
  in 
  the 
  Elgin 
  Museum 
  (see 
  11, 
  

  

  