July, 1913 TflJi) GARDEN AND FIELD. 



Fruit Oa^rdeiv & 



Notes for July. 



Low headed trees are best. 



Start the fruiting wood within 

 18 inches of the ground. 



It is a good plan to keep scions 

 back for grafting by burying them 

 in slightly moist soil. 



Standing water will soon kill 

 almost any tree. 



Yoimg thrifty trees of moderate 

 growth are always better than 

 overgrown ones. 



Refuse of any sort should be ban- 

 ished from orchard or garden. 



Do not plant citrus till the 

 ground has( a little warmth) in) it. 



Deciduous trees should, as a rule, 

 be in the ground by the end of 

 July. 



The proper time for grafting is 

 when the sap is rising freely in 

 the stock. The scion should be not 

 quite so forward. 



A vigorous healthy stock is an 

 important item in grafting. 



One should know what varieties 

 are; best suited for local conditions. 



Trees which have been heeled in 

 should be carefully watched lest 

 they dr}' out. 



The shorter the time between the 

 nursery row and the permanent po- 

 sition in the orchard the) better for 

 the tree. 



Do not plant in heav}-, wet and 

 sodden soil. 



In cold, wet, and late districts, 

 planting may be left a little later 

 than where the season comes 

 earlier. 



Pruning when the sap is active 

 is said to promote the formation 

 of fruit buds. 



In fruit growing we get a blend- 

 ing of the u.seful and beautiful. 



Insect pests and the; germs of 

 disease are bred to a large extent 

 in the waste, and rubbish of the 

 orchard. 



In the peach the frxiit buds are 

 often carried at the end of the 

 shoots. Bear this in mind when 

 pruning. 



Cross fertilisation is now coming 

 to be recognised as an important 

 factor in fruit production. 



Old, unsightly, and unprofitable 

 trees may often be brought into 

 bearing and beauty by renovation 

 and feeding. 



The fruit bud is generally plump 

 and short as compared to the wood 

 bud. This 'is the beginning and 

 most of the end of pruning. 



Careless or ignorant pruning 

 may quite possibly reduce next 

 season's fruit crop to less than a 

 quarter of what it might have 

 been. 



In the case of a peach shoot car- 

 rying only leaf buds, cut it back 

 to two or three eyes, by so doing 

 you get rid of useless wood and 

 promote the growth of that which 

 may be useful. 



Broadly speaking, in pruning an 

 estabHshied peach tree the object is 

 to get new wood for next year, 

 which afterwards will in its turn 

 be cut away. Thus there is a con- 

 stant system of renewal being car- 

 ried on. The more abundant up 

 to the limit of safety and the more 

 evenly distributed the yearly 

 growth of fruiting wood the better 

 the pruning. 



The winter spraying with oil 

 emulsions for woolly aphis, red 

 spider, peach aphis, etc., . should not 

 be delayed. 



63r) 



Gooseberries rec^uire liberal feed- 

 ing. Farmyard manure at the 

 rate of 12 to 15 tons per acre is 

 said to be the most ])rofit,able 

 dressing. 



The four cardinal principles of 

 good orchard management are — 

 Cultivation, spraying, pruning and 

 manuring. 



Always cover all large wounds 

 made in renovating old trees. Be- 

 fore doing so see that the exposed 

 surface is smooth and at such an 

 angle as to throw off all water. 



If peach aphis makes its appear- 

 ance, no time should be lost in 

 getting control of this very serious 

 pest. A strong nicotine solution 

 is a safe and tolerably effective 

 remedy. It frequently happens and 

 spraying must be repeated through- 

 out the season, but if taken in time 

 the first spraying is an effective 

 check. An oil emulsion may be 

 used for the same purpose but only 

 so long as the trees are quite dor- 

 mant, it is unwise to iise it when 

 the buds have begun to show signs 

 of swelling. At this stage they 

 may be destroyed by any oil treat- 

 ment. 



Though it is too earlv to plant 

 citrus, every opportunity should be 

 taken of getting the land to be 

 planted into the best possible con- 

 dition, i.e., deeply stirred, sweet 

 and friable. Orders tor trees, if 

 not alread}' placed, should be sent 

 to the nurseries without delay to 

 prevent any possibility of disap- 

 pointm'ent. 



Bv the law of averages we may 

 reasonably expect a moist spring, 

 in which case peach curl leaf will 

 probably be prevalent. It is early 

 vet but it is well to keep it in 

 mind. A good rule to go on with 

 in regarH' to this disease is, that 

 if your trees were attacked last 

 year they will this, and if they 

 were not they probably will be. 

 'Bordeatix Mixture is probably the 

 most generally used specific, and 



DE^OIDUOUS FRUIT TREES. 



WieKS Bros.. 



P.O. SaLll^a^xxxx^li., 



Late H. Wicks, Riverside and Balhannah, Payneham. 



We specialize in Deciduous Fruit Trees and Vines. 45 acres of faultlessly grown Fruit Trees. 



Large Stocks of Apples, Almonds, Apricots, Cherries, Plums and Prunes, Pears, Peaches, Quincep, etc , etc. 



ORDERS FORWARDED TO ANY PART OF THE COMMONWEALTH. 



(nspection invited. Visitors met by appointment at Balhannah Railway Station. 



Catalogues Free on Appiicatioo. 



