August, 1913 



THIO GARDEN AND FIELD. 



. 127 



svinptoms indio.uiiii; tin- prcscnco 

 of the (Hseasf. 



ICvcrv deviation from the nonval 

 should be considered .suspicious, 

 and conse([ucntly close attention 

 should follow, in ordt^r that the 

 trouble may be located. That an 

 ounc<> o{ ]irevention is worth a 

 pound of cure is true and alwavs 

 will be. 



— \^Tien to Call the Vet. — 

 When an 'animal is considered 

 sick, unless von are absolutely 

 ^>o.sitive as to the nature of the 

 trouble, and also that a certain 

 remedy when applied will cause re- 

 lief, do not take an\- chances bv 

 waiting ; if a qualified veterinarian 

 is wdthin reach, do not hesitate in 

 callinsj him for you cannot afford 

 to rely u])on your own judgment 

 in this matter, nor can vou aflord 

 to relv upon the opinion and the 

 treatment (?) vour neighbours will 

 give you " gratis," for vou might 

 be the unfortimate one and pav a 

 dear i)rice for such " cheap ad- 

 vice." 



Veterinarians should be consult- 

 ed not only with reference to dis- 

 ease, but how disease may be 

 avoided. The farmer should de- 

 vote a part of his time to the 

 study of the prophylactic (preven- 

 tive) measures. He should also 

 know how to keep the animals' 

 quarters under strict hygenic con- 

 ditions ; briefly, he should know 

 how to keep the animals in health, 

 as well as how to care for them 

 when sick. 



Seaweed. 



It is difficult to form an esti- 

 mate of the money value of sea- 

 weed to the farmer. The ques- 

 tion of availability of its constitu- 

 ents — i.e., of its decomposition un- 

 der various conditions, would Jiave 

 to be ascertained by careful trials 

 before even a tentative estimate of 

 its money value could be made. ; 



Seaweed more or less takes the 

 place of dung, but there are se- 

 veral important diilerences. Sea- 

 weed contains no fibre, and, con- 

 sequently, does not produce the 

 black structureless material char- 

 acteristic of the dung heap ; in de- 

 composing it forms soluble svib- 

 stances which easily wash away. 

 For the same reason it .decomposes 

 more completely than dung. It is 

 even said to. facilitate the decom- 

 position of dung on light soils and 

 in dry districts, but there is no de- 

 finite proof of this. A ton of 



(lung and seaweed would break 

 down ill the soil more (|uickly 

 than a ton of dung alone, and 

 wotild therefore have less of a dry- 

 ing effect if ])ut on late. The free- 

 dom of seaweed from weed seeds 

 and from. si)ores of disease organ- 

 isms is of con.siderable advantage 

 on light soils where weeds are 

 common, or on soils liable to such 

 di.seases as finger-and-toe, the 

 spores of which can hardh- be kept 

 out of dung. 



Experiments to test the man- 

 urial value of seaweed have been 

 made at Trondhjem, at the Ehodc 

 Island Experiment Station, and by 

 a few workers in Great Britain. In 

 Hendrick's trials seaweed proved 

 fully as effective as dung for early 

 potatoes so far as quantity of pro- 

 duce was concerned, but it some- 

 what retarded ripening. On the 

 other hand, seaweed and super- 

 phosphate proved better than dung 

 and superphosphate. It is, how- 

 ever, on such gross feeding crops 

 as mangolds and .the cabbage tribe 

 that seaweed would be expected to 

 show'.its fullest eflects. 



Reference has already been made 

 to the fact that seaweed decom- 

 poses more completely than dung, 

 and is converted into soluble or 

 gaseou-s substances. It should 

 therefoce not be allowed to rot in 

 heaps by itself, but should be put 

 .straight on to the land, or, if this 

 is not Dracticable, mixed with any 

 dung which will absorb some of the 

 decomposition products. The man- 

 urial value of seaweed has already 

 been pointed out, and( it is worthy 

 of consideration whether it cannot 

 be more widely utilized then it is 



at present, esi)eciallv by farmers 

 near the roast.— From the .Journal 

 of the Ronrd f)f Agriculture. 



Rust in Wheat. 



In a work on the " Diseases 

 of Cultivated Plants " Professor 

 Kirchner, in referring to the ex- 

 tensive injury caused to the wheat 

 crop by rust, writes that no direct 

 means of fighting the disease are 

 known, but that it may be warded 

 off in a great measure by the ob- 

 servance of the following points : — 



2. Everything that favours an 

 even and quick growth of the seed 

 and its proper development helps 

 to check the spread of the dis- 

 ease, and therefore a good pre- 

 paration of the soil and uniform 

 depth of seedinjr by the drilling ma- 

 chine are useful. 



2. Application of phosphoric 

 acid by superphosphate or basic 

 slag are helpful in warding off at- 

 tacks ; nitrogenous manures, ap- 

 plied liberally, seem, on the other 

 hand, to encourage the disease. 



Some varieties of wheat seem 

 able to resist the disease better 

 than others. This point should 

 be carefully studied in districts 

 wheze the disease has been ram- 

 pant in previous seasons. 



Durham and Shorthorn are in- 

 terchangeable names for one and 

 the same breed of cattle, the latter 

 being more commonly used in re- 

 cent years. 



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