208 



THE GARDEN AND FIELD. 



October, 1913 



@ Frtait Oardeiv & A RECORD ! 



AULDANA 



Notes for Octocer. 



All voung trees should be staked, 

 especially in exposed situations, 

 and from time to time the lash- 

 ings should he looked to to see 

 that thev do not chafe, and be re- 

 newed, if necessary. 



From time to time the soil 

 within a few feet of the tree should 

 be hoed, as this will keep down 

 weeds, promote aeration of the 

 soil, and retain moisture, with 

 other beneficial effects. 



Tobacco wash is at this time of 

 year the best remedy for peach 

 aphis. Spray eyery two or three 

 days for a week and you certainly 

 ought to get the upper hand of the 

 pests. 



No spray outfit is complete with- 

 out an abundance of hose clamps, 

 washers, and couplings for joining 

 hoses, etc. Strictly speaking, a 

 pump is not working perfectly un- 

 less the only ayenue of escape for 

 the spray solution is the aperture 

 in the mozzle. When so working, 

 discomforts and delays are avoid- 

 ed. 



Clean smooth barked trees and 

 ground free of rubbish unquestion- 

 ably help the orchardist by de- 

 priying the codlin grub of their 

 pupating quarters. They are 

 merely supplementary to the spray 

 pump, howeyer. 



The codlin moth is the most per- 

 sistent insect enemy of the apple 

 industry, but no insect xnelds more 

 readily to defeat before a well- 

 directed spray nozzle. 



Wind, it is said, does not to 

 any extent carry i^ollen ; that pol- 

 lenation is effected by bees (pre- 

 sumably all flower sucking in- 

 sects). We haye all observed, 

 savs an exchange, that when there 

 was a cold rain several days in 

 succession, when apples a're in 

 bloom, that there is but little 

 fruit, but if the weather is very 

 warm, the rains mav be freqaicnt 

 and the fruit not inrired. Bees do 

 not work in cold wet weather but 

 will work between showers in 

 warm sunshine. 



In combining the lime-sulpnur 

 and arsenate of lead, the follow- 

 ing method should l>e adopted : — 

 The required amount of lime-sul- 

 phur stuould be added to each 50 

 gallons of water. The dry-powdered 



arsenate of lead should then be 

 thinned to about the consistency of 

 rich milk, ' but should not be add- 

 ed to the 60 gallons of water and 

 lime-sulphur until just before the 

 grower is ready to start spraying 

 operations — that is, the two ma- 

 terials shoidd not stand mixed 

 any longer than necessary, and, 

 moreover, the arsenate of lead 

 should alwa^'s be added last. The 

 reason for tliis is that there is a 

 slight chemical change between the 

 two materials, as will be very 

 readily noticed by the fact that 

 the lime-sulphur carries a cherry 

 colour, but when the two ma- 

 terials are mixed there is a gray- 

 ish drab colour. 



Where grafts have been put in 

 old trees, thev rr^aist be tied to 

 prevent their being blown off. To 

 do this, a good stake should be 

 tied to the branch grafted, and 

 allowed to project a foot or more 

 over the end ; then as the graft 

 grows, it can be tied to it. 



Keep a strict watch on all 'ne- 

 fills and young trees, and if these 

 show any signs of wilting, give 

 them one or two buckets of water 

 from time to time until they get 

 a good start. Disbud all newlv- 

 planted trees, leaving three or four 

 good shoots, at least 4 inches 

 apart, along the trunk of the tree. 

 Do not allow two or three shoots 

 to start from the same place, 

 but give each branch a separate 

 hold of the main stem. 



As the early fruits begin to swell 

 and take on some appearance of 

 full crop, it will be advisable to 

 look over the trees. There will 

 be a lot of thinning to do if fruits 

 carrying a fair prop'ortion of p^dp 

 are to be secured ultimately. The 

 strain upon the trees comes with 

 the development of the seed and 

 the hard ca.se commonly called 

 the " stone " which encloses it, 

 and infinitely more of these are 

 carried usually than is at all wise. 

 It is pulp, or flesh, we want, not 

 the useless interior of many vm- 

 dersized and -badlv-navoured fruits. 

 T?esides we need fruits every year. 

 Then only permit x-our trees to 

 carry a full crop (not an exce.s- 

 sive one) if you wish them to fur- 

 Tiish vou with ?ood quality fruits 

 every year. Thinnine is m.uch 

 too frequently neglected, and the 

 result is a glut of very inferior 

 fruits one vear, and very Tittle of 

 any kind the following one, and 

 so the game goes on. 



WINES . . 



im M>iap«iiiion ai^Hiai all 



AUSTRALIA 



at ADSLAJDI WINS SHOWS. 



CHAMPION GUF (or 



HOCK 



1906. CflAMPION CU? !•» 



CLARET 



IW. CHAMPION CUP for 



SHERRY 



BaaidM a,\ao many 



FIRST PRIZES 



to* aumarous t« mmtton 

 Town OffiM : 



Australasia Chambers, 

 King Wm. St., Adelaide. 



Vinaranla aad Cellars : 



Magill, South Australia 



