October, 1918 



moniac from llu< ditnj;- ol nmels. 

 Tliis salt i.s also prcl>ared from a 

 variety of substances, sueh as 

 honos, leather, hoofs, and horns. 

 In a jjaseous stat'c it, is ulso lar^o- 

 Iv jiroduced bv the decomposition 

 of animal (hinji- and of vee;etable 

 matter generally. The fact that 

 decomposinnr vejj;etable matter f^ives 

 ofi so large a quantity cf this gas 

 shows how larg-elv it must first of 

 all havie entered into the comiio.si- 

 tion of plants, and throug-h them 

 into animals' horns, ho'ofs, and ex- 

 creta. Some portion of ammonia 

 in the form of gas is constatitlv 

 escapintj into the atmosphere,., but 

 is returned to the soil again in 

 dew and rain. It is bv the ad- 

 mixtnre of lime with ammonia 

 that the sharp pungent smell of 

 ordinary smelling salts is orot^iced. 

 The usual way in which it is ap- 

 plied to the soil is in conjunction 

 with other substances as artificial 

 mannpe. It is most valuable to 

 tho.se plants that contain gluten/ 

 and hence in conjunction with, phos^ 

 phates forms a valuable fertilizer 

 for wheat and potatoes. Its vapour 

 gives a denser green to leaves, 

 and it exercises a delicate but 

 powerful 'effect iipon the respira- 

 tory pqwer of those portions of the 

 plants. 



— Bones. — 



Bones afe made up of about fiftv 

 parts of phosphate of lime, about 

 fortv-three of organic matter, into 

 which ammonia enters, four parts 

 of carbonate of lime, and the re- 

 maining three parts are composed 

 of mag-nesia, ^ soda, and potash. 

 Thev contain ' the ingredients of se- 

 veral fertilizing substances. The 

 wonder is that their application to 

 the soil should be of so recent a 

 date, but since Europeans have 

 realized tha value of this material 

 for agricultural purposes thev have 

 imported bones from all parts of 

 the world and have not he.sitated 



to enter into c(yntraets with |thc 

 modern ICgyptians of such, a nature 

 as to cause them to rifie many 

 an ancient I)urial ground and send 

 the bones of the Pharaohs, their 

 contemporaries, and their cats to 

 make bread for modern Ivnglish- 

 inen. Bones are aPplied to land 

 in a raw state. When (irst em- 

 ]iloved they were put upon it in 

 a size as larg'c ajs 2in. ; gradually, 

 however, the size has been reduced. 

 WTien thev are boiled fir.st or when 

 ground to dust their action is 

 much quicker and more powerful, 

 but more temporary in its dura- 

 tion. It lused to be said that a 

 good dressing of J^in. bones would 

 be obser ."able in its effect upon the 

 soil for ten vears, and even longer, 

 from, the time of its application. 

 The good effects of a bone-dressing 

 are particularly manifest in the im- 

 provement of pasture, vineyaTd, 

 and orchard lands, often doubling 

 their value. 



Summer Fodder, 



With little hay, and less grass 

 than usual, dairymen should make 

 sure of having as much summer 

 growing fodder sown as possible. 

 Maize, sorghum, amber cane, Jap- 

 anese millet, pumpkins, melons, 

 and the like, are all good summer 

 rroips ; but a good variety of 

 of maize will usually' give the 

 biggest bulk yield per acre ; and 

 it is also a fodder much relished 

 bv stock when properly grown. At 

 least % acre per cow should be 

 sown ; and the sooner it is in the 

 better, for^t will then be available 

 all the earlier to keep up the 

 mJlk supply. 



When the ground is ploughed it 

 should not be allowed to become 

 diy and caked on the surface ; but 

 should be kept loose with the har- 



rows. If the land has not been 

 well manured ])reviously it is as 

 well to put in a little suphcrphos- 

 phate with the seed. The seed 

 should, be sown in rows 3ft. ai)art; 

 and not deeper than 3 to 4 ins. 

 Putting the seeds from 6 to 8 ins. 

 apart in the rows, from 30 to 35 

 lbs. will sow an acre. When hand 

 sowing after the plough, every 

 fourth furrow will be clos'c enough 

 to put in the seed. In very loose 

 or dry soil, rolling the land after 

 sowing is an advantage, as it sets 

 the soil closicr to the seed ; but 

 harrowing after .sowing is the bet- 

 ter method in damj) or loamy 

 soils. 



As soon as the crop .shows 

 through the ground thio horse-hoe 

 should be run down between the 

 rows to loosen the surface soil 

 again, to check the weeds, and to / 

 previent the soil moisture from 

 drving out. This can be repeated 

 with advantage about every ten 

 days until the crop is 18 to 24 

 ins. high ; but only a very light 

 working must be given so as not 

 to stir the soil deeply, or break 

 the roots of the maize. A piece 

 of brush under the scarifier will 

 keep it from running too deep in 

 light land ; and two or three 

 workings are generally sufficient 

 fo'r a crop. A cultivation should 

 always be given after each rain. 

 The soa^if^ang does all that is re- 

 quired to keep the maize growing, 

 even through very dry w^eather. 

 It is the drill sowing and careful 

 cultivation that will make the 

 maize crop a success. ' 



While there is a great variety of 

 material fed to pigs, it should be- re- 

 membered that it is the properly ma- 

 tured animal that gains the place of 

 honour, though unfortunately it often 

 happi'ns that the man who produces 

 the right material too often fails to 

 rfap the ro'wafd and benefit to which 

 he is entitled. 



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GARDENS PARK FENCE 



sECiuim 



„ ENDURING 



ORNAMENTAL FENCE 



"F" Design 



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These fences protect v.ithout hiding. They 

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123-125 Waymouth Street, Adelaide 



