230 



THE GARDEN AND FIELD. 



October, 1913 



(Continued from page 227). 

 festing his sheep yards and pad- 

 dock.s ever}- time he dresses a 

 sheep. It seems probable that 

 were all dead animals in which 

 flies deposit maggots destroyed by 

 fire, or by. other means, the main 

 source of infestation would be 

 wii)ed out. This would, of course, 

 be a task demanding tremendous 

 vigilance on the part of run- 

 owners. Carcasses of wild ani- 

 mals and reptiles would irossibly 

 have to be dealt with in this man. 

 ner . — E x ch ange . 



Water Supply for Bees. 



The necessity of providing a 

 supply of clean water for bees is 

 commented upon bv a writer in 

 Gleanings in Bee Culture, and it is 

 pointed out that much valuab,e 

 time is frequentlv lost by the bees 

 in having to i\y long distances in 

 search of water, of 'which they re- 

 quire a con.siderable quantity. Un- 

 these conditions it is obvious that 

 the best returns cannot be ob- 

 tained from bee-keeping. Bees, too, 

 a're drowned in large numbers in 

 drinking from pools, or from 

 water contained in ordinary ves- 

 sels, but this continuous loss mav 

 be obviated by placing chips of 

 wood in the water, on which the 

 bees Can alight. 



In many places bees can obtain 

 water for themselves Avithout mak- 

 ing any long joiurwey, bv visiting 

 drinking places of horses and cat- 

 tle and also pumps, etr. But in 

 such ])laces the insects are fre- 

 cjuently a great annoyance. (Tene- 

 rally, too, many bees are drowned 

 under such conditions. To avoid 

 annoyance and lo.'^s, it is well 

 worth while to have a place 

 where the bees m.ay find water at 

 all times. 



Such a ])lace shopild be provided 

 before the bees have formed the 

 habit of vi.siting a p'lmp or horse- 

 trough, for that habit having 



been once formed, the bees will 

 not, under ordinary circumstances, 

 pay the slightest attention to any 

 other drinking place. They may, 

 however, by suitable means, be 

 enticed away to a new place, if it 

 be only a few feet, or even a few 

 yards distant. For this purpose, 

 the pump or horse trough should 

 be covered up so that the bees 

 cannot drink from it, and a vessel 

 of water set near by. Next day, 

 and each day thereafter, the vessel 

 should be moved a littlfe nearer the 

 hive. After g'etting a short dis, 

 it can be moved 5 or lo feet each 

 day. Keep the old drinking place 

 covered up for a few davs, and 

 afterward keep wateri constantly aU 

 the new place, and there should 

 be no I more trouble. 



Whateve'r vessel is used should 

 hold a good supply of water ; and 

 then if care is taken to refill it 

 l)efore it has been completely 

 emptied, there is not much danger 

 that it will often be enti'rely dry. 



The best thing, I have ever tried 

 is a tub, or half-barrel, with cork 

 chips or cork dust thrown on the 

 water. Put in all the chips pos- 

 sible, provided that the bees will 

 have no difficultv in reaching the 

 water. The bees are just as safe 

 walking over them as on the 

 ground. 



Cultivating. 



The difference between profit and 

 loss often turns upon the manner 

 and method of cultivation. He who 

 cultivates for the mere purpose of 

 destroying weeds has missed one 

 of the important factors which 

 should be made the basis for the 

 use of the cultivator. Regard the 

 cultivator if we will as first and 

 foremost a weed-destiroyer, yet its 

 moisture preservation is a far 

 more important consideration than 

 the killing of weeds. We have all 



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heard farmers passing through the 

 discouragements of a dry season 

 ren:ark that they Avtre at least 

 able to save cultiyating, for weeds 

 killed so readily, and grew so 

 slowly, that one or two cultiva- 

 tions did the work of the seasion. 

 In si'ich statements there is less 

 wisdom than philosophy. The fact 

 of the matter is that the dry. 

 season is generally the time when 

 a large amount of cultivating 

 should be done. The cultivators 

 should be set at work early in 

 the N-ear to prepare a dust mulch 

 and retain the spring's moisture in 

 the soil as far as possible. The 

 process should be repeated often so 

 as to make the mulch continuous. 

 The cultivator should be set to 

 work after each rain. Even though 

 a shower may be so slight as to 

 penetrate the soil only an inch or 

 two, the cultivating should be 

 done just as religiously as though 

 thtre had been a genuine .soaker. 

 A slight rain, ineffective in itself, 

 is sufficient, however, to pack the 

 surface soil, establish capillary 

 connection with the deeijer soil 

 layers, and cause a rapid wast- 

 ing away of what little moisture 

 mav be present in the soil through 

 evaporation. Where thorough, con- 

 sistent cultivation for the purpose 

 of conserving soil moisture is car- 

 ried on, the weed proposition will 

 generally take care of itself, for 

 the cultivation will be frequent 

 enough to guarantee an early death 

 to -all weeds. On stiff soil, or 

 soils that have a tendency to pud- 

 dle, the farmer must sacrifice a 

 little on moisture for the sake of 

 preserving good tilth after heavy 

 rain. Were he to attempt to save 

 all the moisture possible by start- 

 ing the cultivator before the soil 



