December, 1913 



Tim (JAUDEN AND FIELD. 



309 



San Jose Scale. 



The life liislorv of this scale is 

 particularly interesting. Th« young 

 in.stocts which are born uli\« are 

 ])rovi(le<l with lc<;s, thn.s cnabliajr 

 them to crawl out from beneath 

 the scale nnder which they were 

 born and search for a place to 

 settle. This takes a \-ery short 

 time. At this stajje they are so 

 small that it is clifficuk to see 

 them without the aid of a strong 

 glass or microscope. Tlvay. are 

 yellow in color while in this 

 stage of development. 



When thev have selected a suit- 

 able place, thev begin t(j work their 

 sucking tubes (which are remark- 

 ably long for th'e size of the scale) 

 into the bark, leaf or fruit wher- 

 ever they are situated and begin 

 to suck the sap from the tree. The 

 insect now loses all power of loco- 

 motion and the scale is slowly 

 formed over its back. At first, 

 this scale is composed menely of a 

 waxy secretion which exudes from 

 from the back of the young in- 

 sect. As the insect beneath the 

 scale grows, it molts or sheds its 



skin and this forms another layer 

 to the scale it.self. As it boicomcs 

 older, it turns to a distinctly dark- 

 er color, due to the weather and 

 the addition of the molted skin 

 from the insect beneath it. 



It is very easv to distinguish be- 

 tween the male and female insect. 

 The former makes a scalk; which 

 is oval, or elongated in form, 

 while the latter makes a circular 

 one. Although the female loses 

 her legs, wings, and eves, she re- 

 tains her sucking tube and still 

 continues to suck the sap from 

 the tree and all her vitality is 

 given up to producing young. The 

 male insect is not so hopelessly 

 fastened beneath its scale, but 

 very soon develops very, small lace 

 like wings, legs, two pair of eyes, 

 and feelers or antennae. The male 

 insect lives but a short time and 

 takes no food. 



To .show how rapidly the female 

 multiplies, it is estimated that an 

 average of 1,608,040,200 fiamales 

 would be produced from a single 

 female in one season, with prob- 

 ably at least an equal number of 

 males, a total starting from a 



T absohitely 'rcfu-sc to take second 

 ])lace with any remedy (no matter 

 what jirice) for healing Hums, 

 Hoils, Sorns, Cuts, etc., or Bron 

 chitis in Children. 



(Signed) BATKS' SALVE. 



single female of ,^,2i6,<>Ko,4(3o indi- 

 viduals ! " It is very fortunate 

 that all of these do not reach n'.a- 

 turity . 



♦ 



Watering. — A splendid method of 

 watering fruit trees in a sm'all 

 garden is to sink two or three 

 eartlienware pipes, say 2 or 4 in. 

 in diameter, and about 18 in. or 24 

 in. long around the tree, one end 

 of the pipe being Hush with the 

 ground. When watering is neces- 

 sary all you need do is to fill these 

 pipes, and the water will gradual- 

 ly permeate where most needed 

 around the roots. liquid manu're 

 m.ay be applied with great effect 

 in the same manner. Simple, but 

 how many know of the above 

 practical idea and its saving of the 

 water bill ? 



COMPARE THE COST! 



Improved Patented Orchard Harness with movable draught, showing horse working quite clear 

 of trees or vines, and cultivator quite close up to the roots or trellis. 



1 Set Orcliard 

 Harness, £3 2s, 6d. 



against value of 

 Fruit under present 

 conditions unavoid- 

 ably destroyed. 



Improved 

 Patent 



No. 3052,11. Nov. 14, 

 1911. 



Orchard 

 Harness 



How much damage 

 is done, each year, 

 in your Orchard, 

 by the teams ? ? 1 



You can Save 

 it all. 



EVERY ORCHARDIST of note is USING IT. 



The number of Sets sold, many of them repeat orders, is the best recommendation we can oflPer. 



HOLD EM & FROST, 



Saddlers, Etc., 



Grenfell Street, Adelaide. 



