Jaauary, 1914 



THE GARDEN AND FIELD. 



361 



after a storir, or the thrush or 



the blackbird siiijjinjj as though 

 the r hearts would burst with the 

 joy of life, singing a message to 

 all to be of good cheer ? Can wc 

 suppose that all th s song means 

 only that the bird is calling to its 

 mate ? Is it not rather a token 

 of the pervading intelligence, the 

 optimism and the serene faith of 

 Nature that our own spirits reach 

 out to grasp ? Man with all his 

 powers has not all Iho intelligence. 



— Roots. — 



The path taken by roots in the 

 earth seems a very singular phe- 

 nomenon of Nature, for the earth 

 is not open and easy to penetrate 

 except in sandy soO. On the con- 

 trary, it is hard, and roots will 

 creep this way, and that, to find 

 a crevice through which they may 

 go. riant observers say that the 

 method of the roots in finding a 

 path through the soil is very sim- 

 ple, that the root tips are harden- 

 ed and sharp, and that they have 

 a constant motion, swinging from 

 side to side as they advance. Thus 

 they find each cre\'ice and push 

 through it. So far, so good ; but 

 how do we explain the fact that 

 the general course of roots is often 

 in a more or less direct line ? Take 

 the roots of a tree for example ; 

 they often run almost directly 

 from the trunk far out in all direc- 

 tions. There is some crossing to 

 be sure, but there is a general di- 

 rectness which is wondierful, when 

 we consider that thev move down 

 in the dark, that in thei'r begin- 

 ning thev were very slender little 

 fibres, and that thev had to make 

 numerous little bends to right and 

 left, up and down, in order to pass 

 the pebbles, hard earth, and ob- 

 structions. English ivies and most 

 \dnes grow away from the light. 

 That is easilv enough explained. 

 They must have a sense of light 

 almost akin to our sense of sight. 

 Plants also appear to have a sense 

 of time and season which it is 

 hard to explain. 



— Animal Life. — 



Animal life is a wonderfiH calen- 

 dar of times and seasons. A care- 

 ful observer states that wolves' 

 puppies are born within a few days 

 of the same date vear after year. 

 Deer have their fawns at nearly 

 the same time each %ear. Domes- 

 tic animals, however, hav^e nearly 

 lost this sense, and their voung 

 are born at almost anv time. It 

 is not so with wild animals, and 

 even cam'els and horses, running 

 wild, nearly always produce their 



offspring in the sprin_^ Annnals 

 do not ha\e articulate speech, but 

 thev ha\e means of communicating 

 with one another, which is nearly 

 as effective as speech. Mares warn 

 their foals of dangers, and cows 

 teach their cah es to lie cjuietly hid- 

 den in the grass and to remain 

 there whilst going to and from 

 water for a drink. Cows have a 

 certain definite mode of call, which 

 tells one to another that the time 

 for moving in to the water is at 

 hand, and when one begins to call 

 out others join in, and soon the 

 whole string of cattle can be seen 

 making their way in single file to 

 water. Cows also have a mar- 

 vellous instinct for weather. They 

 can foretell snow and storm and 

 seek shelter. All these data are 

 evidence of the marvellous, un- 



' taught intelligence of Nature. In- 

 telligence in animals is commonly 

 called instinct, which is the in- 

 herited memory, the faculty of 

 knowing things without being 

 taught. We poor human beings 

 do not have this faculty largely de- 

 veloped. Animals have instinct 

 and a sense, which is latent in us, 

 of knowing accurately where they 

 are and the direction in which they 

 wish to go. Knowing where they 

 the\' wish to go thev choose usual- 

 ly the easiest way to reach that 

 point. In rough weather a cow's 

 instinct leads it to seek shelter 

 with sure instinct, much surer than 

 that of a horse. In rough weather 

 horses make uphill ; cows do ex- 



\ actly the opposite.—" Elder's Re- 

 view." 



4 .. 



What is Caseia ? 



— Its Production, Uses, and 

 Value. — 



In a few words, casein is a by- 

 product, being manufactured from 

 the sweet skim-milk after the fat 

 has been extracted by the separa- 

 tor. The procedure brieflv explain- 

 ed is as follows :— The skim milk 

 as it leaves the separator is run 

 into a vat holding from 500 to 

 1,000 gallons, and it is then heat- 

 ed to 130 deerees Fahrenheit, when 

 it is precipitated with culture 

 made from lactic acid. When coag- 

 ulation has taken place — as in 

 cheese making — the whey is drawn 

 off, and the residue is the curd 

 from the skim milk, technically 

 known as casein. The asrents used 

 for precipitation can either be 

 rennet, acetic acid, lactic acid, or, 

 according to latest American me- 

 thods, diluted sulphuric acid. 



The casein after being pressed 

 and dried in a properly construct- 



ed drying-room, is put into loolb. 



bags and exported to (icrmany and 

 France, where factories for the 

 further manii)ulation of the raw 

 l)roduct have been in existence for 

 several years. In the United 

 States and Argentine Republic 

 there is scarcelv a creamcrv to-<lay 

 making butter which does not also 

 make casein as a by-product from 

 the skim-milk, for the simple 

 rea,son that it has been found pro- 

 fitable to sell the milk to the fac- 

 tory receiving a higher price for 

 the butter fat and utilizing the 

 whev for calves' food. 



The same reason prompts the 

 Danish farmer to sell hisi milk out- 

 right to the factory, receiving in 

 the first instance more for his but- 

 ter fat, and afterwards sharing in 

 the profits realized from the sale 

 of casein. The whey, after (being 

 subjected to the heat necessary for 

 coagulation for casein is practical- 

 ly pasteurized, added to which it 

 still contains the milk sugar, the 

 best and most suitable foodstuff 

 for young calves. This fact the 



I absolutely .refuse to take second 

 place with any remedv (no matter 

 what price) for healing Burns, 

 Boils, Sones, Cuts, etc., or Bron- 

 chitis in Children. 



(Signed) BATES' SALVE. 



H. DENNIS 



IMPLEMENT MAKER. 

 (L*t« of MORGAN). 



YOUNG STREET 



(Old Methodist Hall) b«twMB 

 FBAKKLLN & WAYMOUTH STS. 



DENNIS' PATENT 

 STEEL BUCKSCBAPEB AND SILT 

 SCOOPS, GATES, ETC. 



Wiii* for niwini^l Cit««lorM tmi 



