Z6i 



THE GARDEN AND FIELD. 



January, 19 J 4 



American and Danish farmer found 

 out lon.a: ago, and therefore, as a 

 substitute for the fats and solids 

 removed from the milk during se- 

 paration and manufacture of case- 

 in — ,^ltj. of com meal or middlings 

 are added to everv loolbs. of whey 

 prior to feeding it to the calves, 

 and this addition to the pasteur- 

 ized whey is stated to make a food 

 far more suita])le for the rearing oi 

 calves than feeding them as at pre- 

 sent on ver\- often partisll • soured 

 skim-milk, containing all the case- 

 in, which is the most indigestible 

 matter. 



— The Uses of Casein. — 



Now let us brielly examine to 

 what uses this casein is put, and 

 why the demand is likely to in- 

 crease. From casein, made with 

 the rennet process are manufactured 

 combs, button.s, penholders, kn fe- 

 handles, cigar-holders, pearls, knit- 

 ting needles, paper knives, immita- 

 tion silk, and as it is not inllam- 

 mable it is especialh- useful as in- 

 sulation in electricity. Casein 

 made with the acid process is the 

 most commonly used, and from it 

 is made glae, and oil for painting 

 called casein paint. It is also 

 largely used in the manufacture of 

 the finest writing paper, also for 

 sizing for textile fabrics, for art 

 leather and insulation. We may 

 add that the general use of casein 

 for manufacturing purposes has in- 

 creased loo per cent, during the 

 last five years. 



— Value of the New Indu.stry to 

 the Dominion. — 



It is stated upon good authority 

 that prices for casein on the Con- 

 tinental markets range from £40 

 to ^45 per ton, and on that basis 

 would return to shareholders of a 

 butter factory an additional 2d. or 

 2Xd. per Itj.' of butter fat, after 

 deducting expenses incurred in the 

 making of , casein, and as the 

 Dominion export of butter per an- 

 num exceeds an average of 15,000 

 tons, the extra ])ayment of, say, 

 2d. per lb. fat would mean the 

 distribution of an additional 

 £'280,000 per annum amongst the 

 dairy farmers. 



From facts already ascertained 

 the making of butter as a by-pro- 

 duct from whey has nearly paid 

 the whole working expenses of 

 some of our New Zealand cheese 

 factories, then why should not our 

 butter factories pay their working 

 expenses from a by-product, which 

 in their case would Ije casein ? — 

 New Zealand Farmer. 



Selectk^g a Herd. 



The claim so frequently made 

 that it is impossible to maintain 

 in breeding the general average of 

 a selected herd cannot be accepted 

 as a safe standard, even if it has 

 so often pro\ ed true, and the steps 

 to be taken to prove it false are 

 those which the breeder of the fu- 

 ture must follow, whether or not 

 they run in the established lines of 

 breeding. 



That the highway of progress 

 does not run in the ruts of habit 

 is one of the truisms to be ac- 

 cepted, and its conclusions heeded. 



Purit)- of blood does not, of it- 

 self, insure positive reproductive 

 powers ; therefore, to build up a 

 herd, to establish fixed characteris- 

 tics, along given lines, and insure 

 greater control in bre"eding, the. 

 study, not only of blood lines, but 

 of individuals, must receive sharp- 

 er attention. 



The purchase of fresh-Iblood males 

 or females, solelv upon pedigree, 

 or family, is neitheir safe nor sound 

 practice ; yet it is the common rule 

 with the majority. Important as 

 these are, they need to be sup- 

 planted by, individual inspection. 

 Colour or body, switch or tongue, 

 never insured (reproductive-power, 

 to any male, yet in so many cases 

 the purchaser, knowing the breeder 

 to keep only [uirc-bred stock, asks 

 only for a bull calf of squirrel-grey 

 or fawn colour, hearty, rugged, 

 and healthy, out of a known pro- 

 ducer. 



Accepting all that will be claim- 

 ed by the extremist for purity oi 

 blood and for the mingl ng of 

 blood lines possessing greatest 

 value, there still remains the fact 

 that success must rest largely upon 

 individual characteristics, and the 

 virile energy and extreme mascu- 

 linity in the heads of the herds 

 must accompany all that inherit- 

 ance can insure. 



The head is emphasizied for the 

 reason that back of the shoulders 

 we look for and insist upon the 

 distinct dair\- tyi>e, the open spinal 

 column, wide ribs, long and well- 

 sprung, good body, long quarter, 

 with absence of fat, the long, .slim 

 tail, that strength, yet at the same 

 time flexibility ol .skin which 

 speaks for quality, the flat bone of 

 high-grade and well-set rudimen- 

 taries, with promi.se of udder de. 

 \ clopmcnt. 



These we insist upon; but do we 

 demand the stam]) of virile energy 



in head and neck, the evidence of 

 massive masculinity, that strong, 

 ruggedhead, with horns well set, 

 abundant room for brain develop- 

 ment : a good, clean face of length 

 and strength, with broad, strong 

 m'uzzle and lips, and large, nervy 

 nostrils ? Do we require an eye 

 that stands out full and large, 

 and that at the first glance im- 

 presses with its first sure sign of 

 intelligence, will-power, and quali- 

 ty ; and ear well set, not large 

 enough to be coarse, neither so 

 small as to indicate temper ; a 

 jowl broad, strong, and spreading, 

 yet cleanly cut at the throttle; and 

 a n'eck of such strength and upward 

 cuTve that it completes the picture 

 and (Satisfied the purchaser and 

 breeder ? 



Against this head, set the mild, 

 fine, short face, with small mouth, 

 thin lips, a bright '^ye, and a plea- 

 sant ear, and you have the cow 

 face c^n the bull's shouldess. Suc- 

 cess in breeding with such a male 

 is a practical impossibility; yet we 

 find sucn cases in altogether too 

 many show-rings and tie-ups. They 

 came from great cows — they could 

 not well come from others and 

 carry this stamp of refinement — 

 but for the purpose of which they 

 are created, as heads of herds, 

 kept with an eye single to increase 

 production, generation after gener- 

 ation, they must be failures, be- 

 cause of unmistakable lack of abili- 

 ty to stamp positive virtues upon 

 their offspring. 



A. 



Engineer, Greneral Machinist, ice. 

 Corner of 



FRANKUN AND MORPHETT ST., 

 ADELAIDE 



Maaufacturer of Centrifugal and 

 geared forced Pumps — Bepairs to all 

 olaaiea Steam, Oil nnd Gaaoline 

 Engine* t SpeoijiUty. 



A TBIAL SOLICirZD 



