January, 1914 



THE GARDEN AND FIELD. 



365 



each year with sires .wlocte'd from 

 those avaihihli- in the district : — 





ivitircs 





Date. 



Served. 



Result 



1905 



21 



12 foals 



1906 



25 



16 „ 



1907 



24 



17 n 



1908 



22 





1909 



23 



II „ 





24 



12 „ 



1911 



23 



14 M 



It will l>e seen that in, seven 

 rears the percentag^e of foals was 

 58.6. 



To the mare is attributed the 

 power of impressine^ her foal with 

 viijour to the internal orf^anisa- 

 tion, such as the functions of di- 

 g-estion, breedings, endurance, dis- 

 position, and constitution. In the 

 case of a drausrht mare, ability to 

 throw a ^ood foal depends largely 

 upon breedinfj, manao^ement, feed- 

 ing and soundness. 



— Oestrum in Mares. — 



The stinting season for Austra- 

 1 a ranges from September to De- 

 cember, the aim being to arrange 

 for foaling when frosts are over, 

 climatic conditions favourable, and 

 succulent grazing abundant and 

 suitable. 



According to Fleming, the mare 

 will copulate with ereater certain- 

 tv of success on the ninth dav 

 after parturition ffoaling-") than at 

 anv other time. Mares failing to 

 conceive on the ninth dav usually 

 come well in season on the 'tw<enty- 

 first dav after foaling. Complete 

 service has been efficient on the 

 fortv-second day, and as late 

 as the sixtieth day, aftJer foaling. 

 The pro-oestrum, or progressive 

 stage, is recognised by horse- 

 breeders as coming on heat, or 

 coming in season. Thfe climax to 

 this is termed oestrous, oestrum, 

 or horsing. This is the period at 

 which conception is most certain; 

 The external signs indicating this 

 .series of conditions, and marking 

 the first period of the power in the 

 fillv, or mare, to procreate, are 

 undue restlessness and excitement ; 

 the udder becomes congested and 

 swollen where there is no foal at 

 foot. Occasionallv in the case of 

 a foal suckling, the character of 

 the milk is changed and the foal 

 suffers from scours, or diarrhoea. 

 There is slight swelling, congestion, 

 and reddening of the external or- 

 gans of the uterus, the vagina and 

 \'ulva, in which are frequently 

 noted spasmodic movements. There 

 is more or less oozing from the 



genitals of a mucous or glutinous 

 .secretion, or rc<l(lish coloured dis- 

 charge, characterised l)v a peculiar 

 odour, which attracts the sire. The 

 marc fre(iuentlv gives vent, to pe- 

 culiar cries and whinnies, gets ex- 

 cited, occasionally g-ets out of 

 hand, and in the hands of inexperi- 

 enced attendants becomes danger- 

 ous. Often she refuses to eat, and 

 exhibits \agarics of an hA sterical 

 nature. 



These symptoms last, in varving 

 degrees of intensity, from five to 

 .se\en davs. 



The cessation of the.se svmntoms 

 (horsing) and failure of their re- 

 currence are usually accepted as a 

 sign of conception. Tf the mare 

 refu.ses the stallion for a month, 

 and her general condition becomes 

 normal .she is probably pregnant, 

 but in very exceptional cases a 

 pregnant mare has been known to 

 accept service a .S'econd, and even a 

 third time. The mare, after con- 

 ception, becomes tmi_^suall^- "cTocile 

 and gentle. She is inclined to be- 

 come fat, and shows an indisposi- 

 tion to do active work. 



Occasionally a mare will fail to 

 exhibit anv defin te svmDtoms of 

 sexual heat, and to finally settle 

 the possibility of its existence the 

 best thing to do is to take her in- 

 to the presence of a stallion, and 

 he will soon ascertain. 



A mare mav be too fat. or in 

 too high condition, to conceive, 

 but, on the other hand, under-fed 

 animals fail to get in foal. Others 

 again, living under unusual condi- 

 tions, such as drought, fail to 

 breed. iln odd instances a mare 

 be found to take an tmaccountable 

 dislike to a stallion, and to refuse 

 to be stinted. This has been over- 

 come by a change of sines. 



— The Mare in Foal. — 



As the period of gestation varies 

 in individuals, and sometimes in 

 the same mare in successive 

 ]>eriods, no one can state with 

 reasonable preciseness when foaling 

 will take place. 



The approx'imate period is usual- 

 ly stated at it months, or 3,^0 

 days ; but this is bv no means con- 

 stant, and it mav be most safelv 

 stated that it will vary from '!,22 

 to 346 days. In extreme . cases 

 cases foaling has been delayed im- 

 til 400 days have elapsed, and 

 first pregnancies often last a vear. 

 Where parturition is delayed it is 

 often accepted as an indication of 

 a male foal. 



A fanner who, in his anxiety to 

 give intelligent care to the mare 

 that he believes is in foal, wi.shes 

 to register the earliest svmi)tonis 

 of i)regnancv, .should on the cessa- 

 tion of oestrum or heat, note any 

 enl.'irgement of the abdomen three 

 or four months after, although this . 

 is not alwavs noticeable, particu- 



y ^ 



Broken Rest 



AND 



No Desire 

 For Food. 



"After giving our 

 little daughter 



TWO BOTTLES of 



CLEMENTS 

 TONIC 



we found a wonderful change in her. 

 She ate and slept well." 



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 Main Street, 



Riverton. S.A., 18/10/12. 

 CLEMENTS TONIC LTD. 



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 listless, with broken rest, no desire for 

 food, and who was very thin. A lady 

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(Signed) Mrs. M. J. CASE." 



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