4ll 



other place, away from the mother 

 and there fed bv hand until it 

 learns to drink freely, and the 

 eonteiits of the cow's ud'der are 

 iiiiu'.ediately drawn ofl by hand. 

 Generally this course of procedure 

 induces the cow to give to her 

 milker the natural maternal af- 

 fection which otherwise would be 

 devoted to the calf. If the milker 

 be jjentle and kind the • cow gives 

 down her milk in response to this 

 affection to the full extent of her 

 ability. Some people really think 

 that in no small lueasure it is the 

 secret of great records of milk 

 production raised in winning affec- 

 tion of the cow. 



— Three Types. — 



In the Friesland herd book these 

 cattle are described in three forms 

 — milk form, milk and llesh form, 

 and beef form. The largeh- pre- 

 vailing form is the dual form, and 

 thus it has. been recognized "as a 

 dnal-purpose breed." According to 

 the experience and observation of 

 many intelligent breeders it re- 

 quires this form to ensure the con- 

 stitution, vitalit}-, and endurance 

 necessary for a continuous and 

 large flow of milk over a long 

 period. The decided milk form is 

 rather an indication of weakness 

 and delicacy, whicli it is most 

 desirable to avoid. There is no 

 animal which requires such strength 

 and vigour as the cow that can 

 give 16,000 to 20,000 Itjs. of milk 

 in a _vear, "and continue on this 

 m.ark year after year without be- 

 ing worn-out. — Elder's Kieview. 



♦ 



Lime. 



Little is very extensively used as 

 a fertilizer, but its action is not 

 generally well iinderstood, and seri- 

 ous mistakes often occur from its 

 indiscriminative use. Most soils 

 contain all the elem.ents of the 

 plant-food in varyinu- quant, ties, 

 but, however abundant the pre- 

 sence of most of these essential 

 constituents, if anv one of them 

 be absent the soil is ii-erfectly 

 barren, and if present in insuffici- 

 ent quantity the resulting crops 

 are unsatisfactory to the extent of 

 that deficiency. Lime cannot be 

 classed among these deficient sub- 

 stances, for, althousrh it enters 

 into composition of almost all 

 forms of vegetable life, its various 

 compounds are so widely and 

 generously distributed that it 

 would be a very rare circumstance 

 for any sample of ordinarv soil to 

 be found on analysis not to con- 



tain sullicient lime for the re- 

 quireiU'cut of any cultivated plant. 

 Then, it may be asked, how is 

 lime a fertili/.er ? Anything is a 

 true fertili/.er which causes a plant 

 to make more \igorous growth, 

 and yield a better crop j and lime 

 does this in a twofold manner — 

 namely, chemically and mechanic- 

 ally. First, as to its chemical 

 action. All plant food to be 

 available must be in a soluble con- 

 dition, otherwise it is Hkc human 

 food under lock and key. All soils 

 contain animal and \ ej^etaljle mat- 

 ter in varying proportions and in 

 various stages of decomposition. 

 Now, lime in its caustic condition 

 is one of the most powerful agents 

 of decomposition, and where, from 

 defective drainage, or other causes, 

 the land is " sovir," and where or- 

 ganijc matter does not readily de- 

 compose, the application of caustic 

 lime often works wonders, caus- 

 ing these previously inert sub- 

 stances to yield an abundant sup- 

 ply of available plant food. Prob- 

 ably this use of lime and its 

 compounds sometimes reacts with 

 injurious mineral substances, pro- 

 ducing useful or harmless com- 

 pounds — for instance, the action of 

 gypsum or carbonate of soda. The 

 mechanical action of lime on 

 heavv clay lands is an iinportant 

 aid to fertility, causing the soil to 

 become friable, and there Ijy t,i ing 

 free access to air and water. This 

 mechanical action is shared by 

 several of its compounds, such as 

 gypsum, powd^ered chalk, pul- 

 verized shells, etc. The common 

 mistakes in the application of lime 

 as a fertilizer are the following : — ■ 

 When its chemical action is re- 

 quired on sour, boggy land, it 

 should be spread and ploughed-in 

 as soon as possible after being 

 slaked. It is often allowed to lie 

 in heaps for weeks and months, 

 when it absorbs carbonic acid 

 from the atmosphere, and becomes 

 gradually converted into carbonate 

 of lime or chalk. When spread 

 and allowed to remain some time 

 before beiufr vlouyhed-in the mis- 

 chief is still greater. Considerable 

 damage sometimes occurs fronj 

 over-liming. Since caustic lime 

 greatly promotes decomposition 

 there is a danger of bringing too 

 large a proportion of plant-food 

 into available form, resulting in 

 a heavy crop in the ensuing sea- 

 son, and comparative barrenness 

 for several years after. It is a 

 common practice to add lime to 

 night-soil and other animal man- 

 ures. Caustic liir^e sets free the 

 ammonia, thus deprivine manures 

 of one of its most valuable consti- 

 tuents. 



Make a Noise. 



A hen is not suppcjsed to have much 



Common sense or tact, 

 Vet every time she lays an egg 



She cackles for the fact. 



A rooster hasn't got a lot 



Of intellect to show, 

 But, none-the-less, most roosters 

 have 



Ivnough good sense to crow. 



The mule, the most despised of 

 beasts. 



Has a persistent way 

 Of letting people know he's around 



By his insistent bray. 



The busy little bees they buzz, 

 Bulls bellow and cows moo, 

 And watchdogs bark and ganders 

 quack, 



While doves and pigeons coo. 



The peacock spreads his tail and 

 squawks. 



pigs squeal and robins sing, 

 And even serpents know enough 



To hiss before they sting. 



But man, the greatest m.asterpiece 

 That nature could devise, 



Will often stop and hesitate 

 Before he'll advertise. 



— T. P. A ATq-raznie. 



H. DENNIS 



IMPLEMENT MAKEE. 

 (Late ol MORGAN). 



YOUNG STREET 



(Old Methodist Hall) bvtween 

 FRANKLIN & WAYMOUTH STS. 



DENNIS' PATENT 

 STEEL BUCKSCRAPEE AND SILT 

 SCOOPS, GATES, ETC. 



Writ* for IIluatrat«d Caialogu* aad 

 PliM LMi. 



