TtiS AGHl C U LTURAL JOURI^AL 



487 



munity will in any degree equal the im- 

 munity of those aninriJs which suffered 

 and recovered from a severe attack of the 

 disease. It is stated that these animals, 

 in adilition to the above treatment with 

 bile and virulent blood, had rinderpest " 

 three years ago ; if this is the case, we 

 may l)e safe in conclu ling that they are 

 likely to withstand contact with the 

 disease. 



We have no sound reason for consider- 

 ing that the blood of an animal which i-e- 

 covered from rinderpest some years 

 ago still retains its anti-toxic properties, 

 although a st''ong immunity may remain, 

 and I am of the opinion that we shall do 

 well not to trust to any great extent to 

 the serum of animals recovered at such 

 length of time, even after they have been 

 subji cted to reppated injections of virus. 

 This latter would doubtless increase their 

 im^innity, but it seems to me improbable 

 that it would evoke in the animal's 

 system an elaboration of that curative 

 anti-toxic principle upon which we de- 

 pend in the serum-cure. 



The immunising and the anti-toxic 

 jiriiicipk's of a disease should not be con- 

 fused, as they are often separate and in- 

 dependent manifestations induced in the 

 aninjal body by disease-ittack. 



CANE CULTIVATION BY PLOUGH. 



Sir, — In the report by "Ergates"of 

 his "Chat with Mr. A. Wilkinson," he 

 speaks of the work of the sugar estate 

 being done with ploughs, not hoes. Does 

 that mean that the cane is planted in 

 plough furrows instead of holes made 

 with hoes? If j^o, could you give me 

 more particulars as to mode of procedure, 

 i.e., depth of furrows, distance between ; 

 are the cane sets continuous ; how many 

 sets side by side in furrow, etc. ? 



Also can you tell me where particulars 

 of the Yaryan Evaporators can be obtained, 

 and who supplies the " Oliver " hillside 

 plougli? 



Yours, &c., 



C. H. Mitchell. 



Mr. Anthony Wilkinson kindl}' sup- 

 plies the following answers to the above 

 questions : — 



The land is lirst ploughed with aa 

 Oliver plough by ten or twelve oxen. It 

 is then harrowed, lined oft', and small 



furrows 4 feet 6 inches apart, in which 

 mealies are sown, are ploughed. When 

 the niealies are up two or three feet, peas 

 are drilled in between the rows. When 

 the mealies are oft' the plough (Oliver) is 

 run along the mealie lines, or, if the pea 

 vines are so thick as to choke the plough, 

 cane holes are made with hoes. The 

 depth of furrow or hole, or hole made in 

 furrow, is 9 inches to 10 inches. Two or 

 three cane plants are put in each hole, 

 which is 2 feet long, and the holes are 

 2 feet apart from end to end. When the 

 cane comes up it is hand-weeded and 

 hand-hoed till 2 feet high. It is then 

 cultivated with horse-hoes and scarifiers 

 as long as the animals can get between 

 the lines. 



For "Oliver "ploughs enquire of Messrs, 

 Parker, Wood & Co., Durban. 



The Yaryan Evaporators are made by 

 Messrs. Mirlees, Watson, and Yaryan, 

 Glasgow. Agent in Natal, W. J. Mirlees, 

 Esq., The Club, Durban. 



Stramonium for Horse 

 Fliesm 



— ^— 



MH. J. MEDLEY WOOD, A.L.S., has ' 

 been good enough to forward the 

 following, which is extracted from the 

 " Pharmaceutical Journal" of August 

 luh :- 



According to the "Chasseurs lUustre," a 

 dwcociion of one part of stramonium 

 leaves to three parts of water, boiled for 

 twenty minutes, and applied, when cool, 

 to the face, about the ears, inside the legs, 

 about the belly and croup, is sufficient to 

 keep a horse free from its tormentors 

 during a whole day. stramonium is said 

 to be much more efficacious when thus 

 used than tobacco. 



Au unusual race was advertised to be ruu at 

 lUpon^ iu Yorkshire^ iu 172.5 : "The Lady's 

 i'late of £15 value, by any horse lhat was no 

 inoi-e than five years old the last grass. Women 

 to be the riders; each to pay one guinea en- 

 trance. Three heats, and twice round the 

 coinnion for a heat." 



Frozen mutton continues to show flnuness iu 

 the London market. Australian heavy-weights 

 are unchanged at 2gd. ; but light-weights have 

 risen ^d., and are now quoted at 2|d. Elver 

 Plate mutton is quoted at 2^d., or an advance 

 of 3-16d. 



