26 



with two black spots on the top of each segment excepting the last which has only one. 

 The eggs are oval, of a pale colour, and covered wi^h a net-work of raised lines. 



The Grape Berry Moth — (Eudemis hotrana.) 



This insect is an imported species and has long been injurious to grape culture in the 

 south of Europe. The exact period of its introduction to America is not known, and it 

 is only within the past few years that attention has been called to its ravages. When 

 abundant it is very destructive, in some instances it is said to have destroyed nearly fifty 

 per cent, of the crop. 



During the past season it has been very abundant in the neighbourhood of London, 

 there being very few vines the fruit of which has not been more or less injured. The 

 young larvse have usually been first observed early in July, when the infested grapes show 

 a discoloured spot where the worm has entered. [See fig. 8, c] When the grape is 



opened and the contents carefully ex- 

 amined there will usually be found in 

 the pulp a small larva rather long and 

 thin, and of a whitish green colour. 

 Besides feeding on the pulp it some- 

 times eats portions of the seeds, and if 

 the contents of a single berry are not 

 sufficient, two, three, or more are 

 drawn together as shown in the figure 

 and fastened with a patch of silk mixed 

 with castings, when the larva travels 

 from one to the other, eating into them 

 and devouring their juicy contents. At 



1 c 



Fig. 8. 



this period its length is about an eighth of an inch or more ; the head is black and the 

 next segment has a blackish shield covering most of its upper portion ; the body is dull 

 whitish or yellowish green. As it approaches maturity it becomes darker in colour, and 

 when about one- third of an inch long is full grown, see 6, figure 8. The body is then 

 dull green with a reddish tinge and a few short hairs, head yellowish green, shield on 

 next segment dark brown, feet blackish, pro-legs green. 



When the larva is full grown it is said to form its cocoon on the leaves of the vine, 

 cutting out for this purpose an oval flap, which is turned back on the leaf forming a siilig 

 enclosure which it lines with silk ; frequently it contents itself with rolling over a piece 

 of the edge of the leaf, and within such retreats the change to a chrysalis takes place. 

 The chrysalis is about one-fifth of an inch long and of a yellowish or yellowish brown 

 colour, from which the moth finally escapes. 



The perfect insect, which is shown magnified, at a, figure 8, measures when its wings 

 are spread nearly four-tenths of an inch across. The fore-wings are of a pale, dull, bluish 

 shade with a slight metallic lustre, becoming lighter on the interior and posterior portion, 

 and ornamented with dark brown bands and epots. The hind wings are dull brown, 

 deeper in colour towards the margin, body greenish brown. 



There are two broods of this insect during the year. The spring brood has been 

 found by Miss Mary E. Murtfeldt, of Kirkwood, Missouri, feeding on the tender shoots 

 of the common iron weed, Vernonia noveboracensis,^^w\\\c]i they web together for their better 

 protection. When mature the larvae cut small flaps from the larger leaves, fold them over 

 and fasten them at the edges, within these enclosures the larva changes to a pupa. Pro- 

 fessor Femald, of Orono, Maine, has found the spring brood of this larva similarly affect- 

 ing the Tulip tree, Liriodendron tulipifera. 



remedies. 



As it is probable that most of the late brood pass the winter in the chrysalis state 

 attached to leaves, if these were gathered and burned a large number of the insects would 

 perish. The infested grapes might also be gathered and destroyed. This insect is at- 

 tacked by a small parasite which doubtless does its part towards keeping the enemy in 

 subjection. 



