Feb. 25, 1886.] 



FOREST AND STREAM, 



97 



eigner. While this may happen at times it is probable that the cup 

 would be held in America the greater portion ot tbe time, and would 

 prove a valuable feature of the yearly racing. Tbe matter may 

 easily be amended now by the Executive Committee if it improved 

 desirable to do so, and we invite a full discussion by canoeists in the 

 Forest and Sikeam. 

 Editor Forest and Stream: 



I would beg to call your attention fand that of the members of the 

 A. C. A. to a resolution passed at the last meeting of the A. C. A. 

 Executive Committee at Oswego, N. Y,, regarding the trophy to be 

 raced for at the August meet and which was adopted in view of the 

 arrival in our country of the British gentlemen who are to compete 

 with us. I don't know if any discussion was had over this matter 

 before the committee met, but from observations then made, I judge 

 there was not. The trophy decided upon by the com mittee was to 

 be a presentation cup or a prize to be raced tor once. I think that if 

 the trophy is made to be a challenge prize it will better meet the de- 

 sires of the visiting canoeists and also of A. C. A. men. I have 

 talked with many of our members in New York and vicinity and 

 form the above opinion from the views expressed by them as well as 

 from several letters from other parts of the country. With the 

 object of getting the matter in proper shape before the Executive 

 Committee, so that the resolutions might be correct, in accordance 

 with the views of what appeared to me to be the majority, I sent to 

 the Commodore a few days since a resolution to amend the above 

 by striKiDg out the words""'to become the property of the winner." 

 This will leave the question whether the cup shall be challenge or 

 presentation with the Cup Committee, whose members can safely be 

 left to decide it in accordance with the best interests of the Associ- 

 ation, as they, with the Commodore, represent four of the more 

 prominent racing centres. The full vote ou my resolution has not 

 as yet been polled, however, and I w r ould suggest that the subject 

 might be discussed in your columns with advantage. Fraternally, 

 R. J. Wilkin, Vice Commodore. 



Feb. 19, 1886. 



SOME QUESTIONS FOR CANOEISTS. 



LOOKING over the new canoes now building, one inquiry comes very 

 forcibly to mind; why are we building double cenierboard ca- 

 noes? How many canoeists can answer the question? The double or 

 rather the centerboard arrangement is no novelty here. It has been 

 In common use in England for nearly a dozen years, it has been 

 used in the United Slates since 1880, and in Canada a number of 

 canoeists have used it for nearly the same lengtii of time, while it has 

 been frequently described in Forest and Stream. American canoeists, 

 however, have declined to have anything to do with ic, or even to con- 

 sider seriously its advantages and defects. Late la^t season a well 

 known canoeist adopted the system in a new canoe which though she 

 has been very successful, has been sailed only for a short time and has 

 not had the opportunity to make a premanent reputation; and now 

 nearly every important canoe building must have two boards. Will 

 some of the many who have experienced this .hasty conversion tell us 

 why they have adopted the double-board system now; why, if it is 

 good they have not adopted it before; whether they think as highly 

 of it this year as they did of another centerbo-iid last year; whether, 

 if one of "the leading canoeists was to put in three boards instead of 

 two, all the rest would not at once follow suit; and finally, whether 

 canoeists are not much like a flock of sheep? The moral of this 

 string of questions is very plain, and every canoeist can lay it to 

 • heart. Think for yourself, study well your boat, its uses and re- 

 quirements, and also the many ideas and devices, new and old, that 

 are current among canoemen. When you adopt or discard any 

 feature, do so not because the owner of the Spot has it, or because 

 it was tried and abandoned on the Snarke, but because is does or 

 does not suit your special purpose. If you are in doubt, wait until 

 you have some data by which to decide, before wasting money in 

 "useless gimcracks; or the chances are that you will ultimately join 

 voices with Spike, in complaint about canoe complications. A 

 beautiful example of this was afforded last year in the ease of the 

 drop rudder, aggravated by a patent clutch tiller. There are many 

 good points about both, and they are valuable additions to some 

 boats, but canoeists one and all adopted them in a hurry and in 

 many cases discarded them at a loss of from $8 to $15. The same 

 applies to many other devices, and especially to the double boards. 

 No" man who cannot tell why he wants tbem should put tbem in, and 

 if he does it without knowing why, he will in ail probability be loud 

 in his denunciations of them next year. When the first and second 

 of the questions have been answered we may have more to say in re- 

 gard to the merits and demerits of the two boards. 



THE RULES OF BOAT RACING. 



PADDLING and rowing are so nearly alike as regards racing that 

 the rules of one answer equally well for the other, the A. C. A 

 paddling rules, in fact, being founded directly on the rules of rowing 

 clubs. The following are the rules as amended by the Nationl Asso- 

 ciation of Amateur Oarsmen in January last, and submitted to the 

 clubs for approval, and cover the latest rulings. They would apply 

 equally well to canoe racing and we give them in full that canoeists 

 may compare thera with the A. C. A. rules for paddling: 



Starting.— 1. All boat races shall be started in tbe tollowing man- 

 ner: Tbe starter, on being satisfied that the competitors are ready, 

 shall give the signal to start. 2. If the starter considers the start 

 false, he shall at once recall the boats to their stations; and any boat 

 refusing to start again shall be disqualified. 3 Any boat not at its 

 post at the t ime specified, shall be liable to be disqualified by the 

 umpire. 5. Boats shall be started by their sterns, and shall have 

 completed their course when the bows reach the finish. 



Water. -(Old No. 7.) 6. A boat's own water is its straight course, 

 paralled witu those of the other competing boats, from the station 

 assigned to it at the start to the finish. (Old No. 6 ) 7. Each boat 

 shall keep its own water throughout the race, and any boat departing- 

 from its own water will do so at its own peril. 8. The umpire shall 

 be sole judge of a boat's own water and proper course during the 

 race. 



Fouls.— (Old No. 10.) 9. It shall be considered afoul when, after 

 the race has commenced, any competitor by bis oar, boat or person, 

 comes in contact with the oar, boat or person of another competitor 

 unless, in the opinion of the umpire, such contact is so slight asnot to 

 influence the race. (Old No. 9.) 10, No fouling whatever shall be 

 allowed; the boat committing a foul shall be disqualified. The umpire 

 may, during a race, caution any competitor when m danger of commit- 

 ting a foul. 12. The umpire [when appealed to] shall decide all ques- 



tions as to a foul. 13. Aclaimoffoulmustberaadetothejudgeorthe 

 umpire by the competitor himself, and, if possible, before getting out of 

 his ooat, 14. In ea*e of a foul, the umpire shall have the power— (a) 

 To place the boats, except the boat committing the foul, which is 

 disqualified, in the order in which they come in. (6.) To order the 

 boats engaged in the race, other than the boat- committing the foul, 

 to row over again oa tbe same or another day. (c.) To restart the 

 qualified boats from the place where the foul was committed. 



Accidents —15. Every boat shall ahide by its accidents, provided, 

 that if, during a race, a boat while on its own water shall be inter- 

 fered with by an outside boat, the umpire may order the race to be 

 rowed over, if , in his opinion, such interference materially affected 

 its chance of winning the race. 



Assistance.— 17. No boat r hall be allowed to accompany a com- 

 petitor for the purpose of directing his course or affording him ot her 

 assistance. The boat receiving such direction or assistance shall be 

 disqualified at the discretion of the Umpire, 



Umpire.— 17. The jurisdiction of the umpire extends over the race 

 and all matters connected with it, from the time the race is specified 

 to start until ils final termination, and his decision in all cases shall 

 be final and without appeal. (A new rule.) 18. The judge atthe finish 

 shall report to the umpire the orderin which the competing boats 

 cross the finish line, but the decision of the race shall rest with and 

 be declared by the umpire. (Old No. 18 ) 19. Any competitor refus- 

 ing to abide by the decision, or to follow the directions of the umpire, 

 shall be disqualified. (Old No. 19 ) 20 The umpire, if he thinks 

 proper, may reserve his decision, provided that in every case such 

 decision be given on the day of the race. (A new rule.) 21 . Con- 

 testants rowing a dead heat shall compete again after such interval 

 as may be appointed, and the contestant refusing to so row shall be 

 adjudged to have lost the race. 



Turning Races — (Old No. 20.) 22. In turning races, each com- 

 petitor shall have a separate turning stake, and shall turn from port 

 to starboard. Any competitor may turn any stake other than his 

 own, but does so at his peril. 



THE NEW CANOES OF THE YEAR. 



THE stimulus given to canoeing by the increasing competition of 

 the yearly meets and this season in particular by the coming in- 

 ternational races, is already visible in the number of canoes now 

 building for prominent canoeists, and also in the care that has been 

 taken in the designing of the new boats, Tbe matter is no longer Ipft 

 to the builder with an indefinite order to build a canoe like some one 

 else's, or merely so long and so wide; but every detail, lines, dimen- 

 sions, material, construction, fittings and rig. is a subject of careful 

 study and consideration by the owner, and the question of mora or 

 less deadrise, or an eighth of an inch more or less sheer is for the 

 time of far more importance that such trivial matters as business, 

 pleasure, dress or similar vanities. One noticeable point this year is 

 the number of canoeists who have taken up the study of drafting 

 and who have employed their leisure in a study of the lines of their 

 old boats and trie planning of new and improved craft. The origin of 

 this new idea may be ascribed to -'Canoe and Boat Building," where 

 such elementary instruction as the novice requires is clearly given; 

 and, as proved, in a way to interest many. The results we may look 

 for in the future in handsomer, better, and faster boats as each sailor 

 learns to put to a practical use the results of his experience and ob- 

 servation. 



First among the new canoes comes the flagship, 15ft.x30in., of Rug- 

 gles's build, the details of which are as yet a secret. Another boat 

 from Canada that promises to be a dangerous one. in Class B is Mr. 

 Richard's new Mona. 15ft. lliu.xBOin., built by Sauve, of Brockville, 

 from a design by Mr. W. P. Stephens. With two boards and a good 

 rig she should make a good showing with the 15f t.x30in. boats. Mr. 

 Vaux's canoe, though built and sailed late last year, has never en- 

 tered an A. C. A. race, and will be practically new this year. She is 

 15ft.x28in., with a depth of HJ^in, at gunwale, much deadrise, and 

 two centerboards of sheet brass, about 191 bs. and 61bs. Her rig, 85ft,, 

 will be of tbe same cut as last year's sails. The Snake will rest this 

 season while her owner tries a new boat buiit from his own designs 

 by Mr. Rushton, the details of which have not been made known, and 

 Marion B. will be succeeded by a boat of which nearly the ?aine may 

 be said, designed by her owner, built by Rushton, and the dimension's 

 yet unknown. Mr. Bailey has already a new Ruggles canoe, and Mr. 

 Andrews another, while the builder has several more orders. Class 

 A will be recruited by a duplicate of Lassie for Com. Munroe of the 

 N. Y. C. C. while Mr. Burchard will have a sister boat, both bv Ever- 

 son, and from Newburgh will come Mr. Grant Edgar's new one, 

 15ft.x28in., two boards, hull by MacWbirter, from Mr. Stephens's 

 designs, a deeper and longer Nirvana. The latter gentleman will 

 have a new loft x30in. canoe, also of his owa design, and with some 

 peculiar features of boards, hatches and other fittings, and another 

 Class A canoe will be added to the JN . Y. C. C. by spring. 



Eversou is busy with a lot of new work, for the Knickerbockers a 

 new Ideal, 15X30 and HJ^iu. deep, for Com, Fowler, with a 12 and a 5 

 pound brass board, Mr. Stanton will have a large plate board of 

 brass in the old Flit, also a new Ideal with two boards for racing, and 

 another Ideal with a Radix board for cruising; a pretty good fleet for 

 a beginner, 



Mr. Foster will have a new Sunbeam lengthened to 15ft. 6in.XiJ0in., 

 with a Radix board. The model has been altered since last year by a 

 reduction in the quarters, lessening the displacement, especially aft, 

 and fining the lines of the run. Besides these three boats, now fin- 

 ished, Everson has a new Sunbeam with two boards for Com. New- 

 man, Brooklyn C. 0., boards 15 and 6 pounds, an Ideal fir Mr. Bud- 

 dington, boards 12 arid 6 pounds, and will begin at once a 16x30 canoe 

 with one large brass board and a 15x28 with two boards, both de- 

 signed by Mr. John Hyslop, for Vice-Corn. "Whitlock, who will still 

 keep the Gruenn. Mr. Carter, of Trenton, has a new Ideal with a Radix 

 board in Everson's shop, and there are also two Sunbeams there in 

 stock. All the builders are. full of orders, and yet more are coming in 

 everyday as spring approaches. 



SOUTH BOSTON C. C— Editor Forest and Stream: A otmoe club 

 has been organized here uuder the name of the South Boston C. C. 

 The club was organized at a meeting held on Jan. 1, and the follow- 

 ing officers were elected; Commodore, Joseph A. Frizzell; Vice-Com- 

 modore, William J. Martin; Secretary and Treasurer, James Crad- 

 dock. There are six members, all of whom have been canoeists for 

 some time, but from various causes deferred organizing till this 

 winter. Several short trips were made by members of the club, and 

 the commodore and secretary made a week's cruise on the Charles 

 River last summer. We have two boat houses, one of which is used 



for the canoes, and the other is reserved for a club house. The club 

 consists of six members, and we have four sailing and paddling 

 canoes. A new sailing and paddling canoe for the secretary is now 

 under construction, and six light paddling canoes are to be built this 

 spring, in which the c'nb propose to make a two weeks' cruise down 

 the Charles River in July, shipping the canoes to headquarters and 

 cruising down stream. The paddling canoes are to be flat -bottomed, 

 ll}6ft.x?Gin., J4in. spruce planking for bottom and sides, with canvas 

 decks. We favor this style of cruising canoe for river work, as it 

 promises to be very light, strong and inexpensive, as the cost will not 

 exceed $5 for each canoe. We are bound to have them light at all 

 events, as the rather trying experience of the commodore and the 

 secretary during their week's cruise on the Charles last summer, in 

 the commodore's double centerboard, lapstreak, Class B canoe, 

 demonstrated to them at least, that a canoe of the weight and dimen- 

 sions of a Class B is uot juss the thing for river work where dams are 

 numerous. So it was proposed to build the light canoes for the com- 

 ing summer, to be used ou the N< j ponset and Charles, and our other 

 canoes reserved for sailing in Boston harbor, .wiiich is most excellent 

 for open water cruising. The club also intends to make a two days' 

 trip on the Neponset May 30, and another on the 4th of July —James 

 Oraddock, Secretary S. B. C. O. 



PRIZES FOR 1886.— The Regatta Committee have sent out the 

 following circular, requesting Hags for prizes: In arranging for the 

 prize flags for tbe Regatta of 18S6, the committee venture to hope 

 that it may not be necessary to present any factory-made articles. 

 They believe that many members and friends of the A. C. A. will 

 gladly send flags which 'will be doubly prized as being at the same 

 lime Association trophifs and personal favors. The committee, 

 therefore, ask you to fill and return the accompanying blank, 

 promising for yourself or for a friend a contribution to tbe list. The 

 flags should be of silk, painted or embroidered, of any size from A. 

 C. A. regulation upward. Contributors may of course designate a 

 race for which the flag is offered, and lhe committee will arrange as 

 far as possible upon such suggestions. The name or the initials of 

 the maker or designer will add to the value of a flag. Flags not par- 

 ticularly designated will be marked for appropriate races by the 

 committee. The high appreciation of the prizes heretofore given by 

 friends (by ladies especially), lead the committee to expect a ready 

 response to this appeal. The prizes should be sent to any of the 

 committee mentioned below, before the 1st of July. The promise 

 should be given as soon as possible.— J. B. McMurrich, Oswego, 

 N. Y., Lt. Col. S. Q, Fairtlough, Kingston, Ont., Reade W. Bailey. 

 134 Water St., Pittsburg, Pa., Regatta Committee 1886. 



\mwer$ to (^ofn&gondmtji. 



No Notice Taken of Anonymous Correspondents. 



C. F. R., Southboro, Mass.— Write to D. Eggert, 76 Wall street, N. 

 Y., for maps. 



Jager.— Such a boat would be large enough if built with 2 to 3ft. 

 depth below water, and 1ft. freeboard. 



E, L. S., Cleveland, O.— Only one halyard is used on tbe Mohican 

 sail, as shown in the cut. Bamboo is strong enough for yai-d and 

 boom if all blocks are lashed on. The sail is no easier to reef than a 

 properly-fitted lug. A 2M mast is used for a 75ft. sail. 



S. The boat you mention would be well suited for the localities. If 

 well, but plainly built, with sails, gear and iron ballast, she would 

 cost from $700 upward. Repairs and laying up would cost about 

 $75 per year. You will find addresses of builders among our adver- 

 tisers. The Mamie appeared in the issue of Feb. 12, 1885. 



S. D. E —Umatilla, Oregon,— 1. How can I distinguish young salmon 

 up to 18 inches long from trout of the same size? 2. What book is 

 good authority on such subjects? Ans. 1. The Chinook salmon, O. 

 choucha, has 16 rays m the anal fin, the rainbow trout, S. indent, 

 has 10 rays in that fin. We presume that you refer to these species, 

 as they are the most common. 2. "Synopsis of Fishes of North 

 America," by Jordan and Gilbert, lt is bulletin of the U. S. National 

 Museum. No. 16 and was published under direction of tue Smithson- 

 ian Institution. 



POT LUCK FROM EXCHANGES. 



Two Japanese sailors died from cholera during the short 

 journey from Kobe to Nagasaki. Their dead bodies were 

 thrown overboard. The Japanese authorities immediately 

 forbade fishing along the coast. 



The birds and the flowers have always gone together as 

 types of innocent loveliness, and partly on that account have 

 always found congenial friends in women. But of late the 

 birds have found this attachment fatal. The fashion of wear- 

 ing feathers and whole birds as as head-gear has led to such 

 an enormous slaughter of the birds that nature cannot make 

 good the waste. Why will the women be so impatient to 

 assume their wings? As it is, the pretty birds are disappear- 

 ing so rapidly that their scientific friends are becoming 

 alarmed, and, in the true American way, have formed a com- 

 mittee and issued an address. It is to be hoped that "anbi- 

 bird-wearing leagues" will now extend and flourish in the 

 land, and that the woods and meadows may have rest from 

 the relentless emissaries of fashion. The simple and unassisted 

 resources of nature gave out long ago in the attempt to keep 

 pace with women's desire for flowers. And, perhaps, unless 

 the fashions change, we shall have aviaries, as we have con- 

 servatories, where birds of striking plumage will be cultivated 

 for market.— Dubuque (Iowa) Times. 



Destitute families are saddeningly plentiful; but they would be 

 much fewer if the fathers while living had invested a few dollars in 

 the iife and accident policies of the Travelers, of Hartford, Conn — 

 Adv. 



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