434 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



LJune H, 1886. 



Fond dtt Lac, Wis.— Mr. Harvey Durand has published in 

 the Reporter the following card of protest, against the trout 

 hog: "I have planted in the waters of Fond du Lac and 

 Green Lake counties during the past four years several hun- 

 dred thousand brook trout. They were furnished by the 

 Fish Commissioner of the State, and were placed in the 

 streams for the public to take, and belong to any one who 

 fishes for them; but in some places there is a disposition on 

 the part of a few to fish the streams in detail for the special 

 purpose of making what has been called a 'record.' I have 

 only to say that this is not legitimate sport. A dozen trout 

 on a string, for one person, is respectable, if they are of 

 ordinary size, and are sufficient for any legitimate family; 

 but to fish steadily from day to day, for the special purpose 

 of 'beating the record,' and take "large and smail, is termed 

 by sporting men 'fish piracy.' Of course this method will 

 take the trout entirely from the streams in a very few days, 

 and the work of the Fish Commissioner is nearly lost, for 

 this year the trout will spawn for the first time in most of 

 the streams; and I have only to say to the sporting men of 

 Fond du Lac and Green Lake that I will furnish them the 

 best fishing in Wisconsin if they will be reasonable when 

 taking the fish and not be ambitious and angle merely to 

 make a record. One thing more. It is against the law to 

 take trout from the streams until after they are two years 

 old, and then they are six inches long.— H. Durand." 



Took the Prize.— Two of the Forest and Stream 

 compositors went down on a tug to the fishing banks, off 

 Seabright, N. J., one day this week and covered themselves 

 with glory, being high lines of the party. They took seventy- 

 two fish. Among these was the biggest one taken, for catch- 

 ing which the angler took a prize of $5. 



Odd Salmon Capture.— In the. Penobscot River a hand- 

 some salmon was captured a few days since ou a raft which 

 came through the sluiceway in the dam, the fish being taken 

 up as the raft emerged from its plunge into the river. 



Weld Pond, Me.— Editor Forest and Stream: I am not 

 unacquainted with Weld Pond, and while much may be 

 said in its favor it will hardly bear out the reputation given 

 it in the article in your issue of May 20. — Philadephian. 



Trappe, Wis., June 17. — Three men were arrested some 

 time aeo for fishing for trout with dynamite. They were 

 fined $100 each and costs.— G. H. 



THE ANGLER. 



The angler to the brooklet hies ; 



Puts on his hook the tempting bait 

 Of wriggling -worms or gaudy flies 



And tor the troutlet lies in" wait. 



Next day when by his friends besought 



The nature of his luck to state, 

 He tells what heavy fish he caught, 



And as before he lies in weight. 



—Boston Courier. 



Don't twist your neck off. but use Allen's bow-facing oars. Little 

 catalogue free. Fred A. AlleD, Monmouth, 111.— Adv. 



Address all communications to the Forest- and Stream Publish- 

 Co. 



SALMON IN THE HUDSON. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



That the salmon planted in the Hudson by the U. S. Pish 

 Commission in 1882 have returned to the river is cause for re- 

 joicing by the angler, but far more by the United States Pish 

 Commission, that their effort to make a stream (hat is not a 

 natural salmon river teem with this grand fish is about to 

 bear fruit. It is a great triumph for fishculture, and all praise 

 is due the U. S. Pish Commission for its latest success. 



It must not be forgotten that the salmon recently taken in 

 the Hudson is the first of the return from a small planting in 

 1882. In 1883, 260,000 fry of the Salar were plauted in tribu- 

 taries of the Upper Hudson. I have mislaid the report of the 

 plant for 1884. In 1885, 270 ,000 fry were planted, besides 150 

 yearlings, and this year 20,000 were planted by the writer that 

 were sent by Mr. Mather. 



One correspondent in Forest and Stream asks if the Legis- 

 lature did not provide some years ago f cr a fishway in the 

 Troy dam; and another states that he is under the impression 

 that such was the case, but that the fishway never has been 

 built. I think that Mr. Backus is mistaken about the fishway 

 not being built, and Mr. Van Santvoord should certaiuly 

 kuow. I crossed the railroad bridge at Troy on Saturday 

 last, and saw what I have for some time supposed was the 

 fishway, and saw what I also have supposed that it amounted 

 to nothing for the purpose intended, as the chute did not 

 reach the water below the dam and there was no water run- 

 ning over it. 



Trie fishways at the Troy and Port Miller dams were pro- 

 vided for in Chapter 555 of the laws of 1870, as follows: "It 

 shall be the duty of the canal commissioners of this State to 

 cause to be constructed and maintained in the. State dams 

 across the Hudson River at Troy and Fort Miller, in such a 

 manner as not to injure the said dams, fishways, at least one 

 foot in depth at the"edge of the dams, and of proper width to 

 allow all fish endeavoring to migrate to the waters of the said 

 river above the dam to pass over the same. The said fishways 

 shall be placed at an angle of not more than thirty degrees, 

 and extend entirely to the running water below the dams, and 

 they shall be protected on each side by an apron at least one 

 foot in height to confine the waters therein. The said fishways 

 shall be constructed under the supervision of the fish commis- 

 sioners of the State. * * *" 



The trouble seems to me to be lack of water to flow over 

 such a fishway during the dry season. Such water as passes 

 the dams at this season flows" or leaks through the dam rather 

 than over it. Professor Baird, writing me of the fishways 

 described in the above law, said: "I would suggest that it 

 might be better to require that fishways should be built of 

 such form and dimensions as may be approved by the State 

 Fish Commissioners. As there may be modifications necessary 

 for each locality, it is very hard to fix upon plans in a bill. 

 * * * * As the location of each fishway is as important as 

 the dimensions and angle on which it is built, it would be 

 better to have some competent authority to approve, severally, 

 the fishways proposed for each obstruction." 



This, however, does not seem to be the plan of the Legis- 

 lature, as the State fishways are all of the same pattern. In 

 all probability the salmon that were deposited in the upper 

 Hudson as fry, will return each year for four years to come, 

 but if there is no way for them to reach the spawning ground, 

 miles above the Troy dam, will they return to the Hudson 

 the second time? I feel sure that Forest and Stream will 



urge upon the next Legislature the necessity of providing a way 

 f °r the salmon to reach the waters of their babvhood, and while 

 a fish chute may be made to answer at Troy, Mechanicville, 

 Port Miller, Fort Edward, Sandy Hill and Luzerne, a fishway 

 or ladder will be reauired at Baker's Falls, just south of 

 Sandy Hill; Palmers "Palls in the town of Corinth, Saratoga 

 county and possibly at Glens Falls. 



I have just read an Associated Press dispatch with the cap- 

 tion, "Bad Outlook for Salmon," which says: "Seth Green 

 alleges that the chances are very much against the successful 

 propagation of salmon in the Hudson. Between 1873 and 

 1876 over 156,000 salmon fry were deposited in the river and 

 276,000 in the tributaries of Lake Ontario. Few were ever 

 heard of and fewer taken. Mr. Green states further that the 

 Hudson probably never was a salmon river." 



The most charitable construction to put Upon this prophecy 

 is that the reporter has quoted Mr, Green incorrectly, or per- 

 haps I should say he has not given a full report, for I do not 

 wish to believe that Mr. Green deliberately concealed the fact 

 that the 156,000 salmon fry from the Caledonia hatchery, 

 which proved a failure, so far as stocking the Hudson is con- 

 cerned, were the quinnal, or California salmon. The salmon 

 that have returned to the Hudson and were captured at the 

 Troy dam, in the face of his prophecy, were Penobscot salmon 

 (Salrno salar) from a small plant, "so small that I question 

 whether the godfathers of the fry expected that six salmon 

 from 10 to 14}<j' lbs. (which I believe is more than ever re- 

 turned of the 156,000 California salmon planted in the 

 Hudson, or the 90,000 and more planted in Long Island waters) 

 would be captured in one week in the river to which thev re- 

 turned so punctually. If the despatch had said : " Ml\ Green 

 commends the promptness with which the Penobscot salmon 

 have returned to the Hudson. Planted in 1883 they returned 

 in 18S6 ; two years in fresh water ; two years in salt ; it 

 shows that they carried time tables, something the California 

 salmon either forgot or lost," we would have known that 

 Mr. Green rejoiced with others who are rejoicing at Prof. 

 Baird's success with the salar, in spite of the failure of the 

 quinnat. Prof. Baird does not claim that the Hudson was 

 originally a salmon river ; on the contrary he has said that 

 investigation leads one to question whether it was ever a 

 salmon stream, although occasionally a few stragglers have 

 been taken in the Hudson and also in the Delaware. Prof. 

 Goode argues that the "goodly store of salmon" seen by 

 Hendrick Hudson in 1609 in the river that bears his name, 

 could not have been weakfish, as some have urged ; but he 

 does not concede the claim of the English navigator. 



Many reasons have been given why the California salmon 

 have not returned to the rivers flowing into the Atlantic, in 

 which they have been planted, and the one most generally 

 accepted, I think, is that they return to the mouths of the 

 rivers, and upon finding the water so much warmer than the 

 snow-fed rivers of the Pacific slope they decline to enter. Liv- 

 ingston Stone, in writing of the habits of the California sal- 

 mon, says: "Those rivers which do not have their source in 

 the melting snows have no spring run of salmon * * * * 

 it would appear that they, when adult, enter the streams 

 whenever cold fresh water comes in contact with them in the 

 sea." 



When the California salmon were first brought east it was 

 claimed that they were a more hardy fish than the salar and 

 could endure greater change of temperature, but this seems 

 not to have been a fact. Prof. Goode says of the Atlantic 

 salmon: "The movements of the salmon are not so intimately 

 related to the temperature of the water as those of many 

 other species. They are not so sensitive to sudden changes 

 and are capable of enduring a range of at least forty-five 

 degrees. In this they resemble less the migratory fishes than 

 the permanent residents of our fresh waters. * * * * The 

 breeding fish remain in the riyers during the season of greatest 

 heat and greatest cold." 



Mr Atkins has kept the Penobscot salmon in his ponds at 

 Bucksport (the salmon caught at Troy were sent from Bucks- 

 port to Long Island as ova), with the water 74 degrees at the 

 bottom in midday. While there is no direct comparison made 

 between the two species of salmon by the authorities I have 

 quoted, it seems safe to imply that the salar will enter 

 streams of higher temperature than will the quinnat. Leav- 

 ing comparisons and implications out of the question, the Pe- 

 nobscot salmon have returned to the river and ascended it as 

 far as possible until obstructions are removed, and the Cali- 

 fornia salmon did not; at least I heard of but one, which was 

 taken in a net in the lower Hudson, and oue was also taken in 

 the James River, but the James River fish was "identified as 

 a California salmon by a fish dealer who was familiar with 

 Atlantic salmon." A. N. Cheney, j 



FIXTURES. 



FIELD TRIALS. 



Sent. 21.— Field Trials of the Manitoba Field Trials Club. Charles 

 A. Boxer, Secretary, Box 282, Winnipeg. 



Nov. 8.— Second Annual Field Trials of the Western Field Trials 

 Association, at Abilene, Kan. R. C. Van Horn, Secretary, Kansas 

 Citv, Mo. 



Nov. ft —Third Annual Field Trials of the Fisher's Lsland Club, 

 Fisher's Island, N. Y. Max Wenzel, Secretary. Hoboken. N. J. 



Nov. 22.— Eighth annual field trials of the Eastern Field Trials Club, 

 at High Point, N. 0. W. A. Coster, Secretary, Flatbush, Kings 

 county. N. Y. 



Dec. 6. -Eighth Annual Field Trials of the National Field Trials 

 Club, at Grand Junction, Teun. 



DOG SHOWS. 



July 20, 21, 22 and 23.— Milwaukee Dog Show. John D. Olcott, Man- 

 ager, Milwaukee, Wis. 



July 27 to 31.— Dog Show of the California Bench Show and Field 

 Trials Club. E. Leavesly, Superintendent, 486 Montgomery street, 

 San Francisco, Cal. 



Aug. 24, 25, 26 and 27.— First Annual Dog Show of the Latonia 

 Agricultural Association. Covington, Ky. George H. Hill, Manager, 

 P. O. Box 76, Cincinnati, O. 



Sept. 8. 9 and 10, -Hornellsville, N. Y.. Dog Show, Farmers' Club 

 Fair. J. O. Fellows, Superintendent, Hornellsville. 



Sept. 14, 15. 16 and 17.— First fall dog show of the New Jersey Ken- 

 nel Club, Waverlv, N. J. A. P. Vredenburg. secretary, Bergen Point, 

 N. J. 



A. K. R.-SPECIAL NOTICE. 



THE AMERICAN KENNEL REGISTER, for the registration of 

 pedigrees, etc. (with prize lists of all shows and trials), is pub- 

 lished every month. Entries close on the 1st. Should be in early. 

 Entry blanks sent on receipt of stamped and addressed envelope. 

 Registration fee (50 cents) must accompany each entry. No entries 

 inserted unless paid in advance. Yearlv subscription $1.50. Address 

 "American Kennel Register," P. O. Bo^ 2832, New York. Number 

 of entries already printed 3810. 



PARASITIC DISEASES OF DOGS.-I. 



AS is well known to the majority of breeders and large 

 owners, dogs suffer from a great number of diseases due 

 to the presence of parasites. Of these none are so trouble- 

 some or dangerous to life as intestinal worms. One of the 

 latest and highest authorities on the diseases of dogs pays: 

 "Probably no known disorder the dog is heir to is so destruc- 

 tive as intestinal worms, it being estimated by reliable author- 

 ities that at least three-fourths of the whole canine race are 

 infected by the pest." Another eminent writer on parasites 

 says: "It is remarkable to observe what a number 

 of creatures, including man himself, are destined to 

 play the r61e of intermediary bearer of the canine parasites 



in the juvenile stages of development. It is this consideration 

 which * * * renders the dog, in the matter of parasitism, 

 far more important than any other domesticated animal." It 

 is evident, therefore, how extremely important is the consider- 

 ation of this subject, as not only many a dear friend and 

 valuable pet may be saved by a. thorough knowledge of the 

 pathology of parasitism, but danger to other animals, includ- 

 ing even man himself, may be so avoided. 



One of the commonest parasites of the dog is the margined 

 round worm, Ascaris marqinata. To give you an idea of its 

 prevalence it may be mentioned that out of 144 dogs dissected 

 in Vienna for this purpose, 104 contained worms of this 

 species. Probably 50 per cent, of all dogs contain round 

 worms. Ihe Ascaris marqinata is probably identical with 

 the A. mystax of the cat, with which the feline race is so 

 largely infested. The male worm is from two to three inches 

 in length, the females being just twice the average length of 

 the males. This species somewhat resembles the earth worm. 

 It iB rounded in form and tapers toward both extremities. The 

 mouth is triangular in form and situated terminally ; on either 

 side of the head there are wing-like appendages. Well de- 

 veloped male and female sexual organs are present, and the 

 digestive canal is made up of gullet, stomach and intestine. 

 The eggs of the variety mystax measure 1-310 of an inch in 

 diameter. The round worm inhabits the small intestines, but 

 f rem which situation they often migrate into the stomach, 

 whence they are occasionally expelled by vomiting. They 

 also wander to theiarge intestine, and are occasionally passed 

 in the fasces. In rare instances they have even passed up the 

 liver duct into that organ, causing obstruction to the flow of 

 bile and even abscess of the liver. It may also wander into the 

 throat and nose, or even into the bronchial tubes, where its 

 presence may cause fatal asphyxia. 



The life history of this parasite has not vet been worked out 

 to the full satisfaction of pathologists. It "is certain, however, 

 that the worms do not multiply within the body of their host. 

 The female produces a vast number of eggs, these escape in 

 the faeces of the infested animal, and as the eggs have been 

 hatched experimentally in mud and in dung, as well as in clear 

 water, it is probable that the embryo parasites develop in such 

 situations. They are then introduced into the bodies of fresh 

 hosts through food or drinking water, or an animal might be- 

 come infested by some of the embryos adhering to its coat and 

 afterward introduced into the stomach by the dog licking 

 itself. When taken into the intestine the embryos develop 

 rapidly into mature round worms, and impregnation having 

 taken place, produce eggs to infect fresh hosts. The ova re- 

 tain their vitality for months, and may in various ways Ise 

 transported for long distances. From certain clinical facts in 

 relation to Ascaris disease, it is probable that particular con- 

 ditions are necessary in the intestinal tract to insure the de- 

 velopment of the embryos; the inflammatory conditions so 

 common in puppies teeming to create a particularly suitable 

 soil for the development of the larval worms. Most likely in 

 a perfectly healthy and vigorous animal the embryos are un- 

 able to remain, and so are expelled per anum. 



The symptoms caused by Ascaris parasites are sometimes 

 obscure and at others prominent. The commonest signs are 

 abdominal distension, colic, diarrahcea and vomiting. Ema- 

 ciation, cough and a harsh, dry coat are less significant 

 symptoms. Loss of power in the hind legs is frequent in pup- 

 pies, and convulsions, chorea, and other nervous disturbances 

 occasionally occur. The existence of Ascaris disease is usually 

 easily diagnosed, if the infected dog be carefully watched, by 

 observing the worms in the faeces or vomited matters. We 

 do not believe that even a very small number of round worms 

 can be present in the intestine and not cause considerable de- 

 rangement of the general health, and the importance of treat- 

 ing an infected dog cannot be overestimated if he is to l'etain 

 his full vigor and usefulness. 



The treatment necessary to cause the expulsion of round 

 worms, is sufficiently simple, but will, nevertheless, fail if the 

 details are not carefully carried out. The remedies should 

 always be given on an empty stomach after from six to thirty- 

 six hours fasting, according to the age and condition of the 

 dog and the medicine to be employed, and a dose of castor oil 

 should be given three to eight hours before the vermifuge is 

 administered, Santonine in one, two or three grain doses in 

 proportion to the age of the animal is the most reliable drug. 

 Pantonine is a vermicide, killing but not expelling the round 

 worm3, and should be always followed by a brisk purgative, 

 of which the best is castor oil. As the unbroken crystals of 

 santonine are almost tasteless, they are easily taken and the 

 dose may be given made up into a pill with buttei or some 

 similar ingredient. Turpentine is an efficient, but not a 

 Avholly safe remedy, half a dram may be given in obstinate 

 cases; it may be mixed with castor oil, sweet oil, or given in 

 milk. Pink root, especially the preparation known as the 

 fluid extract of spigeua and senna, is valuable in the case of 

 puppies; fifteen drops may be given to a four-weeks old puppy 

 of the larger breeds in a spoonful of water - , Old dogs may be 

 given a full teaspoonful. "Ashmont" advises that the remedy 

 should be given twice a day for three or four days, to be then 

 followed by a full dose of castor oil; or one or two larger doses 

 may be given on an empty stomach, to be followed by the 

 oil. If the preparation with senna is given, a dose may be 

 administered every four hours until purging takes place ; no 

 oil need then be given, the senna being a powerful cathartic. 

 The administration of charcoal in small doses to puppies is to 

 be recommended as a preventive and partial cure ; in small 

 doses it can do no harm and is an excellent "tonic" to the in- 

 testinal mucous membrane. An important point, only too 

 often neglected, is the use of stimulating and tonic remedies 

 alter the expulsion of the worms; the health of the animal 

 will generally be much reduced, aiid attention to the general 

 health, nourishing food, regular exercise and the like, are 

 especially needed. 



In the prevention of infection by round worms extreme 

 cleanliness is the surest method; clean drinking water, clean 

 kennels, clean yards. Hot carbolized water should be freely 

 used in the cleaning process, and all vomited or expelled worms 

 should be killed with it, not merely swept away. 



Among the several species of nematode worms liable to infest 

 the dog, the cruel threadworm (Filaria immitis) is second only 

 to the margined round worm in interest to the pathologist and 

 the lover of dogs. True, it is an almost unknown parasite in 

 this country; but as Forest and Stream is read in most 

 countries under the sun, this will reach the eyes of many 

 whose valuable pets are liable at any time to suffer from the 

 presence of this appropriately-named cruel worm. This para- 

 site is a thread-like nematode inhabiting the heart of dogs. It 

 is found especially in China and Japan, but has been described 

 as occurring in several other countries. This large species 

 attains, according to Prof. Welch, a length of ten inches and 

 a diameter at its thickest part of one-twentieth of an ineh. 

 The tail of the male Filaria is furnished with a transparent 

 membrane or hood, which is supported upon eight oval papil- 

 liform rays, four on each side. The female, on examination 

 under the microscope, is found to swarm with eggs and em- 

 bryos in all stages of development ; the larger eggs are 1-900 of 

 an inch in length, while the embryos vary from 1-90 to 1-140 

 of an inch in length. In the heart of an English pointer bora 

 in China, who died of this disease, the Filaria were found in 

 both ventricles and for some distance along the course of the 

 aorta. The injurious and often fatal consequences of cruel 

 Filaria infection are due to the mechanical effects produced by 

 the presence of the parasites— blocking up the circulation, in- 

 terfering with the heart's action and causing death. 



The symptoms are very variable; a dog apparently in per- 

 fect health dving suddenly in a fit, or the unfortunate animal 

 may linger for an indefinite time, after suffering excruciating 

 agonies of pain. 



As to the treatment, it is obvious that nothing can be done 

 when once the worms are located in the heart, and should the 



